Question

then do all the activities.
(12m
Floods are not new to India and this sub-continent, but in recent years the
problem has received much greater attention perhaps largely because it has led to much
greater damage than in the past. Even though information on the impending occurrence
of floods is now more accurate and certainly timelier, often there is very little time or
support infrastructure in place by which damage can be minimized. This is particularly
true in the case of flash floods resulting from sudden and excessively heavy rain. In the
case of India flooding is very much a function of the seasonal nature of our rainfall.
The monsoons are spread over a short period during the year and often bring a
concentrated volume of rain, which cannot be absorbed by the earth and finds outlet
only in the form of streams that join up with our major river systems. But, flooding is
not confined only to the main rivers of the country, often smaller tributaries and streams
can cause heavy damage as well.
Once these streams spill over
their banks they could cause excessive harm, mainly
because those living near the banks of these
streams particularly in mountain areas do
not have easy recourse to moving away quickly. One major factor that could lead to a
higher severity of flooding in the future is the danger of climate change. While the
evidence of the nature of impacts resulting
from climate change
on precipitation and
flooding at the regional level is not entirely clear, it could happen that the Indian
subcontinent witnesses and suffers the effects of a significantly changed pattern of
monsoons.
One set of scientists has estimated that the monsoons could
be shorter in
duration, but far more intensive. In other words, much greater precipitation would take
place in a much shorter period of time, thereby increasing the danger of floods. Climate
change is the result of human actions through the increased concentration of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, of which carbon dioxide is the most prominent.
At the local level also human actions have heightened the danger of flood
through the cutting of trees in the mountains as well as in the plains. In the case of
India, the ecological damage through deforestation of the Himalayas has led to large-
scale erosion of the mountain slopes and high levels of siltation. This leads to
deposition of silt on the riverbeds in the plains and hence spill over of water whenever
the volume in the river reaches a certain level. With siltation on the river beds, flooding
occurs even at very shallow water levels. The vulnerability of the population has
increased substantially because of population pressures, symbolized, for instance, by the
stubborn and perhaps helpless settling of slum dwellers on the banks of the river
Yamuna in Delhi, which is merely a trickle most of the year,
But bursting its banks during the monsoons as has been the case this
year.
Flood
forecasting is critical to minimizing the damage from floods. It is for these reasons that
the Central Water Commission has set up a network of forecasting stations, which cover
the most important flood prone interstate rivers in the country. These stations produce
forecasts that are used to alert the public and to mobilize various official agencies so
that they take both preventive as well as relief measures whenever required.
AD 1. The problem of floods has been considered important recently because.
(2M)​

Answer 1

Answer:

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