theory of relating to nature of society is
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Answer:
Explanation:
Geography, meaning “earth writing,” has been centrally concerned with how humans and their environments relate to each other. Many of the most important disputes within the discipline can be traced back to different understandings of this relationship, and the history of the discipline of geography can be written as a struggle over different interpretations of nature and society. It is also argued that geography is uniquely able to address questions of society and nature as the discipline draws on a wide range of influences from the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. In the late 19th century, as geography increasingly sought to gain a place as a formal academic discipline within the university system of Western Europe, geography came to be allied to a colonial project that charted the different ways in which nature and society came to be related in different parts of the world. During this period, several of the most prominent geographers framed the relationship as one in which nature determined society. Environmental determinism came to provide a convenient unifying framework for the discipline: human geography and physical geography could be brought together in a shared project. More radical traditions also flourished during this period as anarchist geographers sought to understand how mutual aid came to flourish in particular contexts and how such a framework enabled a fundamentally different societal distribution of resources. By the 1920s, criticisms of environmental determinism gathered pace with several of the most important contributions beginning to reframe the relationship between nature and society as a more mutually codetermining one. In France, Paul Vidal de la Blache and the Annales School developed more nuanced understandings of the lifestyles that emerged in particular places, and in the United States, Carl Sauer developed an understanding of cultural landscapes as the particular products to emerge out of the relationship between nature and society and to become the focus of geographical study. For the latter half of the 20th century, with the flourishing of radical movements that have questioned the naturalization of categories such as gender and “race,” a skepticism has grown toward claims to “nature.” Nature, for many, is seen to be a social construction. Within geography, the influence of Marxist approaches has been profound, and here nature-society theorists have been able to draw on a particularly vibrant set of debates over the ways in which historically and geographically specific sets of social relations are implicated in the transformation of particular environments. If, as Raymond Williams argues, nature is perhaps the most complex word in the English language, then nature-society theory now embraces this complexity and in so doing has opened up some of the most important and innovative understandings of our current predicament. From critical readings of the Anthropocene to postcolonial critiques of the new materialisms, nature-society debates are at the cutting edge of contemporary geographical thought.
Answer:
There are mainly two theories of the relationship of man and society which have been propounded by several writers. One of them is the Social Contract Theory and the other is the Organic Theory.
The social contract theory has already been described. Here it needs only be said that the social contract theory does imply that man in the state of nature was living in society, outside of which he could not have acquired those ideas and feelings which led him to enter into the social contract.