Question

there were many causes responsible for the decline of the Mughal emperor. do you think the empire would have survived if Aurangzeb had not reserved Akbar's Rajput policy ? why?



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Answer 1

Answer;

• The Mughal empire established by Babur was vast and extensive in the beginning of the eighteenth century. But by the close of the century, it had shrunk into a few kilometers in and around Delhi. On the whole the decline of the Mughal empire can be attributed to many factors. The process of decay had begun from the time of Aurangzeb and reached its culmination during the rule of his successors. In this unit, we shall discuss the various causes for the downfall of the Mughal empire.
• Under the Mughals, there was no uniform law of succession. As such, the death of a king resulted in a war of succession. Such fratricidal struggles for the throne had a very demoralizing effect on the stability of the government. The royal palace and court became the centres of intrigues and plots. Confusion reigned everywhere. Many Provinces became independent. Thus, with the loss of money and manpower, every new ruler who ascended the throne had to make a fresh beginning.
• The degeneration of the rulers led to the degeneration of the nobility. Under the early Mughals, the nobles distinguished themselves both in war and peace. They also performed useful functions in the administration. The history of India of the time of Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan was made by nobles like Bairam Khan, Munim Khan, Muzaffar Khan, Itimad-ud-Daulah, Mahabat Khan, Asaf Khan, Sadullah Khan, etc. But with decline of the power of the later Mughal emperors, decline also set in the character of the nobility. The mansabdars and the nobles left no stone unturned to cheat the government. The nobles were split up into factions like Turani, Irani, etc. These nobles quarreled with one another for personal ascendancy. During the time of Nadir Shah’s invasion, Sadat Khan, an Irani noble betrayed his master. Thus the degeneration of the Mughal nobility was also responsible for the downfall of the empire.

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