thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical equiliibrium
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The Law of Chemical Equilibrium is defined as, the ratio of product of concentration of the products to the product of concentration of the reactants, with each concentration term is raised to the power by its coefficient in overall balanced chemical equation, is a constant quantity at a given temperature and it is called equilibrium constant.
For an isolated chemical reactor, we derive the conditions for chemical equilibrium in terms of either energy, volume, and amounts of constituents or temperature, pressure, and composition, with special emphasis on what is meant by temperature and chemical potentials as the system proceeds through nonequilibrium states towards stable chemical equilibrium. For nonequilibrium states, we give both analytical expressions and pictorial representations of the assumptions and implications underlying chemical dynamics models. In the vicinity of the chemical equilibrium state, we express the affinities of the chemical reactions, the reaction rates, and the rate of entropy generation as functions of the reaction coordinates and derive Onsager reciprocal relations without recourse to statistical fluctuations, time reversal, and the principle of microscopic reversibility.