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Write the uses of acid and base
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Answer:
Uses of Acids Uses of Bases
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) – stomach acid Sodium hydroxide – lye, Draino™, makes soap
Nitric acid – fertilizer production, explosives Magnesium hydroxide – Milk of Magnesia (antacid)
Trichloroacetic acid - removes warts, fouls wine Ammonium hydroxide – smelling salts
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Acids and bases are popular chemicals which interact with each other resulting in the formation of salt and water. The word acid comes from a Latin word ‘acere’ which means ‘sour’.
In our everyday lives, we use many compounds which scientists call acids. The orange or grapefruit juice you drink for breakfast contains citric acid (also known as Vitamin C). When milk turns sour, it contains lactic acid.
What are Acids and Bases?
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid.
Acidic substances are usually identified by their sour taste. An acid is basically a molecule which can donate an H+ ion and can remain energetically favourable after a loss of H+. Acids are known to turn blue litmus red.
Bases, on the other hand, are characterized by a bitter taste and a slippery texture. A base that can be dissolved in water is referred to as an alkali. When these substances chemically react with acids, they yield salts. Bases are known to turn red litmus blue.
In our everyday lives, we use many compounds which scientists call acids. The orange or grapefruit juice you drink for breakfast contains citric acid (also known as Vitamin C). When milk turns sour, it contains lactic acid. The vinegar used in salad dressing contains acetic acid. According to this a chemical bond is considered as being made up of an acid-base combination. The properties of a molecule, therefore, can be understood by dividing it into acid and base fragments.
Properties of Acids and Bases
1. Properties of Acids
- Acids are corrosive in nature
- They are good conductors of electricity.
- Their pH values are always less than 7.
- When reacted with metals, these substances produce hydrogen gas.
- Acids are sour-tasting substances.
- Examples: Sulfuric acid [H2SO4], Hydrochloric acid [HCl], Acetic acid [CH3COOH].
2. Properties of Bases
Some properties, like a bitter taste, are owned by all bases. The bases feel slippery, too. Dream on what slippery soap looks like. And this is a foundation. Furthermore, when immersed in water, bases conduct electricity because they consist of charged particles in the solution.
- They are found to have a soapy texture when touched.
- These substances release hydroxide ions (OH– ions) when dissolved in water.
- In their aqueous solutions, bases act as good conductors of electricity.
- The pH values corresponding to bases are always greater than 7.
- Bases are bitter-tasting substances which have the ability to turn red litmus paper blue.
- Examples: Sodium hydroxide [NaOH], milk of magnesia [Mg(OH)2], calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2].
Uses of Acids and Bases
The various uses of acids and bases are listed in this subsection.
1. Uses of Acids
- Vinegar, a diluted solution of acetic acid, has various household applications. It is primarily used as a food preservative.
- Citric acid is an integral part of lemon juice and orange juice. It can also be used in the preservation of food.
- Sulfuric acid is widely used in batteries. The batteries used to start the engines of automobiles commonly contain this acid.
2. Uses of Bases
- The manufacturing of soap and paper involves the use of sodium hydroxide. NaOH is also used in the manufacture of rayon.
- Ca(OH)2, also known as slaked lime or calcium hydroxide, is used to manufacture bleaching powder.
- Dry mixes used in painting or decoration are made with the help of calcium hydroxide
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