Question

Things to member 2 • The group of people managing the affairs of a country is called a government. The government builds roads, hospitals and other facilities, supplies water and electricity deals with problems like poverty and unemployment provides education, health services, transport services postal services, and so on maintains law and order in the country. defends the country: maintains good relations with other countries provides aid when required, and makes laws. * To perform its functions, the government collects money from the people. Facilities used by the whole community and maintained by the government out of public funds are called public property • In India, we have government at the national level and at the state level. We also have local self-government in cities. towns, villages, etc The government has three organs--the legislature for making laws, the executive for implementing laws and the judiciary for making sure that laws are followed The three main types of government are (a) monarchy (run by a hereditary ruler with absolute power); (b) dictatorship (run by one person or a small group of persons, often forcibly), and (c) democracy (run by the people themselves). In direct democracy, all adult citizens vote on all issues. In representative democracy. the citizens clect representatives, who take decisions on their behalt Representative democracy can be a parliamentary system (run by a prime minister) or a presidential system (run by a president). India is a parliamentary democracy, although our president is the official head of our government. •The right of all adults to vote is called universal adult franchise. In many countries, like Britain, women and the poor initially did not have this right. British women won this right in 1928, largely due to the efforts of the suffragettes. In India, we have had universal adult franchise right from the time our constitution came into force. All adult Indian citizens can vote, whether they are rich or poor or men or women. Exercises A. Answer the following questions orally.​

Answer 1

Although hilsas spawn more or less throughout the year, they have a minor spawning season during February-March and a major season in September-October. Immature hilsa fish (6-10 cm), known as jatka, are extensively caught during their seaward migration in some of the major rivers of the country.

Answer 2

Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules. Some intracellular organelles, such the nucleus and mitochondria, are enclosed by membranes that separate them from the cytoplasm.

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