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INS Vikramaditya – The New Air Craft Carrier of Indian Navy
The bilateral relations between India and Russia, predominantly in the field of defence, have a long history to tell. India has been enjoying a strong economic and defence relationship with the region since the Soviet era. Hence, the Indo-Russian relations have witnessed the former being the second largest market for the Russian defence industry.
Under the India–Russia co-operation agreement that was signed in December 1988, India has received a multitude of defence equipment to strengthen its military strength.
India’s biggest military ship, INS Vikramaditya – an aircraft carrier, which was named after a legendary Indian king from Ujjain, is also a result of this strong Indo-Russian relation.
History of INS Vikramaditya
INS Vikramaditya, which refers to one having valour like the Sun, is a former USSR carrier vessel and entered into service with the Indian Navy in 2013.
Launched in the early 1980s, the carrier, which was originally named as Baku, served the Soviet Navy from 1987 to 1991.
However, on account of the dissolution of the Soviet Socialist Republic, the vessel’s utility in the East European bloc did not extend beyond the early 90s. It became too expensive to operate the carrier on a post-Cold War budget.
Thus, the vessel was decommissioned in 1996, after spending four years with the Russian Navy as a carrier named as Admiral Gorshkov. Since then, the government of India had started negotiations with Russia to acquire Admiral Gorshkov.
And, in the year 2004, a very important naval accord was struck between longtime military allies India and Russia to make the aircraft carrier part of the Indian Navy.
As per the terms of this accord, the apparently defunct air force carrier would not only be sold to India but would also be re-equipped with modern arsenal and artillery to suit the Indian naval requirements.
The accord also included the sale of Russian fighter planes MIG 29Ks and MIG 29 KUBs along with appropriate training provided to the fighter pilots. The terms of this accord also stated renovation of the navy ship and equipping it with modern amenities and other naval aid, transforming the vessel form a hybrid carrier to a pure carrier.
According to the deal, post it’s re-equipping, INS Vikramaditya will have a capacitance to carry both fighter planes and helicopters. The latter will include Ka-31 Helix copters and HAL Dhruv copters, in totality between four to 12 copters; while the former includes Sea Harrier fighter planes along with the MIG 29Ks and 29 KUBs, totality between 12 to 16 fighter crafts.
During the refurbishment, which was undertaken by FSUE Sevmash in Russia, a total of 234 new hull sections were constructed using 2500 tonnes of steel that is equal to the standard displacement of a mid-size frigate.
Initially, the agreed deal suggested that India would pay Russia US$800 million for the upgrade and refit of the aircraft carrier, while an additional US$1 billion would be paid for the aircraft and weapons systems.
Though the announced delivery of the vessel was due in 2008, the delays in refurbishment pushed the arrival of the vessel to 2013 and also forced India to pay an additional US$1.2 billion for the carrier.
As per the plan, the refurbished INS Vikramaditya was assigned to replace the Indian Navy’s only light carrier INS Viraat. However, the delay in the delivery of INS Vikramaditya forced the Navy to postpone the retirement of INS Viraat till 2016.
Finally, the modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier, INS Vikramaditya, joined the fleet of Indian Navy in 2013 after being commissioned in November at a ceremony held at Russia. India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi had formally inducted the aircraft carrier into the Indian Navy in June 2014
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