THIS MAY HELP YOU IF YOU ARE LEARNING ABOUT MINERALS....
MINERALS
1. The earth crust is made up of different minerals embedded in the rocks.
2. Those minerals from which the metals can be extracted conveniently and profitably are called ores.
3. Metallic minerals may be ferrous or non-ferrous.
4. Ferrous minerals contain iron.
5. Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron.
6. Energy resources are considered the backbone of any kinds of economic development.
7. Due to increase in population and development, demand for energy resources has increased considerably.
8. Remains of plants and animals which were buried under the earth for millions of years got converted by heat and pressure into fossil fuels.
9. Coal, petroleum and natural are fossil fuels.
10. Coal is the most important source of energy.
11. Coal is used to generate thermal power.
12. The use coal energy is discouraged as it causes environmental pollution.
13. Most of the coal mines are in the Northern Hemisphere.
14. Mineral oil is an indispensable source of power in the world.
15. The word petroleum has been derived from two Latin words : petra means rock and oleum means oil, so it is a rock oil.
16. About 70% of the total power production in the world is derived from mineral oil.
17. Nuclear or Atomic energy is the most powerful kind of energy discovered so far.
18. Nuclear energy is obtained from radioactive substances like uranium and thorium.
19. A radioactive substance has great capacity to generate energy through nuclear fission.
20. Nuclear energy is known as ‘energy of the future’.
21. The world’s first atomic power station designed mainly for electricity production came into operation in 1957 at Calder Hall, UK.
22. The first atomic power station in India was set up in Tarapur in 1969.
23. Iron ore is the basis of modern civilization.
24. Iron ore forms the foundation of industrial growth.
25. Iron ore is considered as the backbone of modern civilization because the development of all other industries depends on iron ore.
26. Per capita consumption of iron in a country is the indicator of its level of economic development.
27. The two main iron ore minerals are: haematite and magnetite.
28. Iron ore is the most widely used metal in the world. 29. About 50% of India’s iron ore reserves are in Odisha.
30. Sweden is the leading iron ore in Europe.
31. Copper is the first metal that discovered.
32. One of the useful properties of copper is its conductivity.
33. Copper is best known for its ability to conduct electricity.
34. Chile is the leading producer of copper in the world.
35. Bauxite is an ore of aluminium.
36. Aluminium is a light metal and is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
37. Duralumin is an important alloy of aluminium.
38. Manganese is used for making iron and steel.
39. Mining is a process of extracting minerals from the surface of the Earth including sea.
40. When minerals and deposits are found close to the surface and spread across a large distance, open cast mining method is used.
41. Underground mining is generally used for areas where the minerals are buried too far underground.
42. Stope mining is used for most hard rock mining of minerals such as copper, silver, lead and zinc.
43. Stopes are large openings or rooms connected by tunnels in which miners drill and blast door.
44. A method of excavating vertical or near-vertical tunnel from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom is known as shaft mining or shaft sinking.
45. Drilling is a process under which deep wells are bored to take the minerals out.
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