Question

Three Phases of the National Movement.​

Answer 1

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☆ The history of the Indian national Movement is divided into the following three phases:

》The Early Nationalist Phase (1885-1905)

》The Assertive Phase (1905-1918)

》 the Gandhian Phase (1919-1947)

1:-

The Early Nationalists, also known as the Moderates, were a group of political leaders in India active between 1885 and 1907. ... Their successors, the "Assertives", existed from 1905 to 1919 and were followed by nationalists of the Gandhian era, which existed from 1919 until Indian Independence in 1947.

2:-

Assertive (Extremists/Aggressive) Nationalism was the period (1905–1916) in success to Early Nationalists or Moderates. The Early Nationalists failed to attain their objectives, giving rise to Extremist/Assertive Nationalism.

3:-

The period from 1919 to 1948 is known as the 'Gandhian era in Indian History'. Mahatma Gandhi gave a new direction to the freedom movement with the principles of Truth, Non-violence and Satyagraha. Due to the influential leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the national movement became more comprehensive.

Answer 2

☆ Three Phases of the National Movement :

• The National Movement in India was more or less synonymous with the Congress Movement. It can be classified into three phases on the basis of the objectives and the methods of struggle. The three phases are :

✠ The Early Nationalists (Moderate) Phase (1885 - 1905 A.D.), aimed at gaining more concessions for Indians. They adopted purely constitutional methods such as making Petitions and Praying to the Government for acceptance of their moderate demands. They made those demands in the form of Resolutions and Petitions.

✠ The Aggressive Phase (1905 - 1919 A.D.), aimed at socio - economic and political progress of the people, leading to Swaraj as the ultimate goal; their methods included the extremist measures such as the Swadeshi, Swaraj, National Education and Boycott.

✠ The Gandhian Phase (1919 - 1947 A.D.), aimed at Poorna Swaraj, i.e., Complete Independence; the methods included Gandhi's Non - violent Non - cooperation Movements, Civil Disobedience and Satyagraha.

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