Three reforms that were introduced by British
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Reforms Introduced by the British. After the British established political power in India they passed many laws to reform the Indian society. Laws were passed to stop the practice of sati and to encourage the remarriage of widows.
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British introduced important social reforms in the country. For example, the Bengal Sati Regulation Act was passed in 1829, declaring the practise of Sati as illegal. They also passed the Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. These reforms received mixed response from Indians. While progressive and educated Indians welcomed these reforms, conservative Indians considered these reforms as interferences made by the British in Indian. They criticised the British for passing these reforms.After establishing the complete control over Indian territories, British taking firm steps to encourage trade, they found that the country is best suited not only for rule but also to intervene in its social system. In this regards, they took plethora of steps to ameliorate the social life of the people.
Name of the Reforms/ Acts
Year
During the term of
Significance
Prohibition of Sati & Female infanticide
1829
Lord William Bentick
Supported by Raja Rammohan Roy.
Doctrine of Lapse
1848
Lord Dalhousie
Adoption of sons by rulers in the absence of their natural heirs was banned.
Indian Council Act
1861
Lord Canning
Envisaged association of Indians with the administration at higher level.
llbert Bill
1883
Lord Ripon
To bring Indian and European magistracy on equal footing.
Indian Council Act
1892
Lord Lansdown
Membership of central legislative council was enlarged.
Morely-Minto Reforms
1909
Lord Minto II
Separate electorates to widen the gulf between Hindus & Muslims.
Diarchy
1919
L. Chelmsford
Meaning dual system of Govt.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
1919
L. Chelmsford
Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar by General Dyer
Rowlatt Act
1919
L. Chelmsford
Extraordinary powers were given to suppress the freedom struggle with General Dyer as the Commandant.
Simon commission
1928
Lord Irwin
To report working of the reforms; recommended diarchy in provinces; India to be constituted as a federation and Indianization of armed forces.
Gandhi-Irwin Pact
1931
Lord Irwin
Congress called off the agitation and agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
Communal Award
1932
Lord Willingdon
Envisaged communal representation for depressed classes besides Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.
Separate electorates
1932
Lord Willingdon
(See Communal Award)
Government of India Act
1935
Lord Willingdon
Provided for a federal type of constitution.
Cripps Mission
1942
Lord Linlithgow
Proposed Dominion status for India after the Second World War.
INA Trial
1945
Lord Wavell
INA prisoners of war were trialed at Red Fort, Delhi and Bhulabhai Desai defended them.
Wavell Plan
1945
Lord Wavell
Envisaged constitution of executive council in such a way as to give representation to all major communities in India.
Cabinet Mission Plan
1946
Lord Wavell
Envisaged establishment of Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution.
Mountbatten Plan
1947
L. Mountbatten
Partition Plan
Indian lndependence Act
1947
L. Mountbatten
India partitioned and attained independence.