Question

"Till mid 18th century there were no nation state in Europe" support the statement with example

Answer 1

Explorers like David Livingstone, Henry Stanley and Roald Amundsen were pioneers in the field of exploration and adventure. They travelled all around the globe in order to reach the far ends of the planet.

 

David Livingstone was a Scottish explorer, sponsored by the London Missionary and Church (LMC), and was responsible for tracing the origins of the river Nile. He went missing for a period of almost 3 years during his travels in Africa that led to his famous encounter with Henry Stanley.

 

Henry Morton Stanley was an American journalist who was sponsored by his newspaper agency to find the whereabouts of David Livingstone. He travelled through Africa till his chance encounter with the legendary explorer.

 

Roald Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer backed by private sponsors. He was the first man to lead an expedition to successfully reach the South Pole and beat the British explorer F. Scott by a small margin

Livingstone was sponsored by the British government while Stanley was sponsored by The New York Herald.

Answer 2

Answer:

There were no nation-states in Europe till the mid 18th century. Germany, Italy and Switzerland  were ruled by different rulers with their well-defined  territories. Eastern and central part of Europe too had  autocratic  monarchies. People from different ethnic  groups occupied these areas and spoke different  languages. Sudetenland and Bohemia were dominated  by German-speaking people. It also included the  province of Lombardy and Venetia which had Italian speaking  people. In Hungary, the half of the population  spoke Magyar and the other half of the population  spoke different dialects. In the part of Galicia, the  aristocratic class spoke Polish.

There was absence of collective identity or common culture among these groups. Apart from this, a large  group of peasant people like–Roumans to the east in  Transylvania, Bohemians and Slovaks to the north,  Slovenes in Carniola and the Croats to the south  lived within the boundary. The only tie binding these  different groups together was a common allegiance  to the emperor.