timeline of chapter print culture and modern world
Answers
For a very long time, the imperial state of China was the major producer of printed material. The Chinese bureaucratic system recruited its personnel through civil services examinations. The imperial state sponsored the large scale printing of textbooks for this examination. The number of candidates for the examinations increased from the sixteenth century, and this increased the volume of print.
By the seventeenth century, the use of print diversified in China because of a blooming urban culture. Print was no longer limited to scholar-officials. Merchants used print in day-to-day life because they collected trade related information. Fictional narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary masterpieces and romantic play became the staple for the reading public. Reading acquired the status of a preferred leisure activity. Rich women began to read and many of them began publishing their poetry and plays.
Print in Japan
The Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around 768 – 770 AD. The Buddhist Diamond Sutra which was printed in 868 AD was the oldest Japanese book. Libraries and bookstores were packed with hand-printed materials of various types. These included books on women, musical instruments, calculations, tea ceremony, flower arrangements, proper etiquette, cooking and famous places.
Print Comes to Europe
Marco Polo was a great explorer from Italy. He returned from China in 1295 and brought the knowledge of woodblock printing alongwith him. Thus, printing began in Italy and travelled to other parts of Europe. Vellum was still the preferred material for printing the luxury editions because printed books were considered as cheap vulgarities. Vellum is a parchment made from the skin of animals.
Important dates :
1.AD 594- Books in china were printed by rubbing paper.
2. AD 868, Buddhist Diamond Sutra, the oldest Japanese printed book.
3. 195. Year in which Marco Polo returned to Italy.
4. 1430s- 1448 - Gutenberg is credited with developing first modern movable type, which involved making of metal mould for casting types of different sizes, and improvised the system
5. 1450-1550- Printin of press were developed in most of Europe,
6.1517- Mratin Luther wrote, Ninety Five Theses challenging many of the Church's rituals and practices.
7. From 1558- Church maintained index of prohibited books.
8. (1508): Erasumus wrote Adages
9. 1812.- Traditional folk tales were compiled
10. 1920s in England Shilling series became popular/
11. 1579, 1674, 1713 are importnat yaers with reagrd to printing In India.
12. 1780, James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal Gazette,
13. 1821, Raja ram mohan roy, published sambad kaumudi
14. 1822, persian newspapers were published.
15. 1867 Deoband Seminary was founded
16. Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas in 1810
17. 1870s caricatures, cartoons were published.
18. Amar Jiban published in 1876, Gulamgiri 1871
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