Question

Tmendel performed the breeding experiments of a pea in

Answer 1

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In 1856, Mendel began a series of experiments at the monastery to find out how traits are passed from generation to generation.

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Answer 2

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In 1856 Mendel began his experiments on plant hybridisation with garden peas in the monastery garden. Although similar work had already been done by contemporary botanists, the significant features of all these experiments had been overlooked because the investigators made overall observations of all inherited characters instead of collecting and analysing data in a systematic, mathematical way.

This is how Mendel achieved what his predecessors could not. First of all he concentrated his attention on a single character in his experiments on inheritance. Secondly, he kept accurate pedigree records for each plant. And third, he counted the different kinds of plants resulting from each cross. Fourthly, he analysed his data mathematically.For example tall and dwarf are a pair of contrasting conditions for the character height; similarly round and wrinkled seeds are contrasting forms for the character seed texture. On self pollination each character breeds true. Mendel worked with seven pairs of characters so that he had 14 pure breeding varieties.Similarly, Mendel crossed pea plants differing in other characters such as colour of flowers (red flowered versus white flowered), texture of seed (round versus wrinkled), colour of cotyledons (yellow versus green). Such a cross which involves only one character from each parent is called a monohybrid cross.

When two pure breeding varieties are crossed, the parental character that expresses itself unchanged in the F1 generation hybrids is dominant: the one that does not appear in F1 but appears in F2 is called recessive. In the above cross three-fourths of the F2 progeny show the dominant character and one-fourth the recessive character..

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