Question

to a focus on any two condition explain how Nation developed over the 19th century in points​

Answer 1

Answer:

i hope it may help you

Explanation:

Nationalism is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its homeland. Until the nineteenth century, before the rise of nationalism in Europe, the world didn’t have separate nations and the concept of the nation-state was a modern result of the rise of nationalism in Europe. The article contains the solutions to the questions provided in the textbook of History for Chapter 1. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 1 – Rise of Nationalism in Europe will help students to develop their skills to answer every question in a proper way. These NCERT solutions will be useful for school exams, as they are sourced from the NCERT textbooks. The NCERT solutions are easy and accurate, which will align school students’ preparation as per the questions asked in the examinations.

Answer 2

Answer:

The development of the German and Italian nation-states in the nineteenth century.

Political fragmentation: Till the middle of the nineteenth century, the present-day nations of Germany and Italy were fragmented into separate regions and kingdoms ruled by different princely houses.

Revolutionary uprisings: Nineteenth-century Europe was characterised by both popular uprisings of the masses and revolutions led by the educated, liberal middle classes. The middle classes belonging to the different German regions came together to form an all-German National Assembly in 1848. However, on facing opposition from the aristocracy and military, and on losing its mass support base, it was forced to disband. From then on Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification.

In the Italian region, during the 1830s, revolutionaries like Giuseppe Mazzini sought to establish the unitary Italian Republic. However, the revolutionary uprisings of 1831 and 1848 failed to unite Italy.

Unification with the help of the army: After the failure of the revolutions, the process of German and Italian unification was continued by the aristocracy and the army. Germany was united by the Prussian chief minister Otto von Bismarck with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. The German Empire was proclaimed in 1871.

The Italian state of Sardinia-Piedmont played a role similar to that played by Prussia. Count Camillo de Cavour (the Chief Minister) led the movement to unite the separate states of nineteenth-century Italy with the help of the army and an alliance with France. The regions annexed by Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Red Shirts joined with the northern regions to form a united Italy. The Italian nation was proclaimed in 1861 and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. The papal states joined in 1870.