Question

To get p-type semiconductor, impurity to be

added to silicon should be the numbers of valence electrons?

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Answer 1

to get p type extrinsic semiconductor , impurities must be added to silicon (intrinsic semiconductor ) ,  p type has + in excess ( which we also call as holes) , Si  has 4 valence elctrons thereby to create excess of + ve we must create defect of - ve , so atoms having 3 valence elctrons ( 13 group elements) are introduced ( so a hole is created )   then bonded e shift from there position into the holes , due to flow of e , conductivity will be present even though we havent increased the temperature for the flow of e .