Question

Tobacco is smoked in cigarettes, cigars and pipes. Research shows that tobacco-related diseases kill nearly 13 500 people worldwide every day. It is predicted that, by 2020, tobacco-related diseases will cause 12% of all deaths globally.Tobacco smoke contains many harmful substances. The most damaging substancesare tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.Tobacco smoke is inhaled into the lungs. Tar from the smoke is deposited in the lungs and this prevents the lungs from working properly.Which one of the following is a function of the lungs? *
1 point
A) To pump oxygenated blood to all parts of your body
(B) To transfer some of the oxygen that you breathe to your blood
(C) To purify your blood by reducing the carbon dioxide content to zero
(D) To convert carbon dioxide molecules into oxygen molecules​

Answer 1

Answer:

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS), commonly referred to as e-cigarettes, are devices which heat a liquid to create an aerosol which is then inhaled by the user, these may or may not contain nicotine. The main constituents of the solution by volume are propylene glycol, with or without glycerol, and flavouring agents. E-cigarettes do not contain tobacco but are harmful to health and are not safe. However, it is too early to provide a clear answer on the long-term impacts of using them or being exposed to them.

E-cigarettes are particularly risky when used by children and adolescents. Nicotine is highly addictive and young people’s brains develop up to their mid-twenties.

ENDS use increases the risk of heart disease and lung disorders. They also pose significant risks to pregnant women who use them, as they can damage the growing fetus.

Advertising, marketing and promotion of ENDS has grown rapidly, through channels which rely heavily on internet and social media (3). Much of the marketing around these products gives rise to concern about deceptive health claims, deceptive claims on cessation efficacy, and targeting towards youth (especially with the use of flavours).

ENDS/ENNDS should not be promoted as a cessation aid until adequate evidence is available and the public health community can agree upon the effectiveness of those specific products. Where ENDS and ENNDS are not banned, WHO recommends that the products be regulated in accordance with four key objectives:

Prevent initiation of ENDS/ENNDS by non-smokers, minors and vulnerable groups;

Minimize health risks for ENDS/ENNDS users and protect non-users from exposure to their emissions;

Prevent unproven health claims being made about ENDS/ENNDS; and

Protect tobacco control from all commercial and other vested interests related to ENDS/ENNDS, including interests of the tobacco industry (5).

Second-hand smoke is the smoke that fills enclosed spaces when people burn tobacco products such as cigarettes, bidis and water-pipes.

There is no safe level of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke, which causes more than 1.2 million premature deaths per year and serious cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Almost half of children regularly breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke in public places, and 65 000 die each year from illnesses attributable to second-hand smoke.

In infants, it raises the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. In pregnant women, it causes pregnancy complications and low birth weight.

Smoke-free laws protect the health of non-smokers and are popular, as they do not harm business and they encourage smokers to quit.