Today I Rabindranath Tagore, complete eighty yearly of my life. As I look back on the vast stretch of years that lie behind me and see in clear perspectives the history of my early development, I am struck by the change that has taken place both in my own attitude and in the psychology of my countrymen – a change that carries within it a cause of profound tragedy. 2. Our direct contact with the larger world of men was linked up with the contemporary history of the English people whom we come to know in those earlier days. It was mainly through their mighty literature that we form our ideas with regard to these new comers to our Indian shores. In those days, the type of learning that was served out to us was neither plentiful nor diverse, nor was the spirit of scientific enquiry very much in evidence. Thus, their scope being strictly limited, the educated of these days had recourse to English language and literature. Their days and nights were eloquent with the stately declamations of burke, with Macaulay`s long rolling sentences; discussions centered upon Shakespeare’s drama and Byron`s poetry, and above all upon the large- hearted liberalism of nineteenth- century English politics. 3. At that time, though tentative attempts were being made to gain our national independence, at heart we had not lost faith in the generosity of the English race. This belief was so firmly rooted in the sentiments of our leaders as to lead them to hope that the victor would of his own grace pave the path of freedom for the vanquished. This belief was based upon the fact that England at the time provided a shelter to all those who had to flee from persecution in their own country. Political martyrs who had suffered for the honour of their people were accorded unreserved welcome at the hands of the English. 4. I was impressed by this evidence of liberal humanity in the character of the English and thus, I was led to set them on the pedestal of my highest respect. This generosity in their national character had not yet been vitiated by
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