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Vibration Tests for Moon Rocket Help Ensure Safe Travels on Road to Space
Driving down a bumpy gravel road, even an off-road vehicle experiences bumps and vibrations, partly because of the car’s natural frequency. An object's natural frequency is the frequency or rate that it vibrates naturally when struck. When forces like speed and the smoothness of the road are just right, the car will vibrate in tune with that same frequency.
Rockets flying through the atmosphere to space, including NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS), are no different. They have natural frequencies and experience dynamic forces during launch and ascent. Understanding those frequencies and what they look like is critical to steering SLS and the Orion spacecraft safely through the atmospheric “road” to space.
To safely control the rocket’s flight, the flight software and navigation system must distinguish the rocket’s natural frequencies from the vibration frequencies experienced during flight. That’s why teams at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida are performing integrated modal testing to determine the different modes of vibration with the recently stacked, integrated SLS rocket before launch of the Artemis I mission.
“We will use the modal testing data for multiple purposes,” said Dr. John Blevins, SLS chief engineer. “We will compare the physical results with what computer models predicted. The information will also be fed into the flight computers so when SLS is flying, the computers know which vibrations are natural to the rocket and which are caused by external forces. The computers will use that information to steer the rocket, ensuring it is placed in the right orbit and does not unnecessarily deplete its fuel by reacting to natural vibrations the rocket should ignore.”
The Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) and Jacobs team at Kennedy along with the SLS team from NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, perform the tests on the mobile launcher and SLS stack in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) with support from personnel at other NASA centers. In the VAB, the assembled rocket is comprised of the solid rocket boosters, core stage, Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS), Orion stage adapter structural test article, and mass simulator for Orion. Engineers are using the mass simulator for Orion and the Orion stage adapter structural test article for the modal test series while the Orion spacecraft undergoes assembly of its launch abort system and the CubeSat payloads are loaded into the Orion stage adapter for flight. The test hardware has the same weight characteristics as their respective flight components, which is important for this test.
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Rockets flying through the atmosphere to space, including NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS), are no different. They have natural frequencies and experience dynamic forces during launch and ascent. Understanding those frequencies and what they look like is critical to steering SLS and the Orion spacecraft safely through the atmospheric “road” to space.
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