Question

Total hardness and total alkalinity and carbonate hardness

Answer 1

Total alkalinity is expressed as milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate(CaCO3). In the aquarium industry,total alkalinity may be referred to as "carbonate hardness" or "KH," which is often measured in degrees (dKH) rather mg/L or ppm. One dKH is equal to 17.9 mg/L or 17.9 ppm.

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Answer 2

Total hardness is defined as the sum of the calcium and magnesium concentrations, both expressed as calcium carbonate in mg/L. When hardness (numerically) is greater than the sum of carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity, amount of hardness equivalent to the total alkalinity is called “Carbonate hardness”.