towards unification of force
Answers
i request you to read all of it and please mark me as brainliest and give me a chance to help you more:)
Scientists develop theories as attempts to understand the physical world. The more observed phenomena a theory can account for, the more promising it is. One of the main goals of modern physics is to construct a single theory that would explain the four known forces of nature: electromagnetism, gravity, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. The philosophical implications of such a fundamental understanding of the workings of the universe have led many physicists to speak metaphorically of "reading the mind of God." But the ultimate "theory of everything" has yet to be found.
The main objective of science is to find the underlying explanations for the phenomena we observe in nature. The wonderful variety of these phenomena might lead one to conclude that the underlying causes are just as numerous. Who would imagine, for example, that the long neck of the giraffe has anything to do with the sweet smell of flowers? Yet the theory of evolution explains them both quite nicely.
In the physical sciences, the behavior of objects is understood in terms of forces. A force is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude (amount) and direction. A force is an impetus that tends to cause an object to move. The study of astronomy proceeded for thousands of years without anyone realizing that the motions of the planets are governed by the same gravitational force that keeps our feet on the ground. Finally, Isaac Newton (1642-1727) made this great leap in a realization symbolized by the famous legend of the falling apple.
Similarly, until the nineteenth century, electricity, magnetism, and optics were studied as three completely separate disciplines. There was no obvious reason for early experimenters to suppose that electrical charge, magnetized iron, and lenses were related in any way. However, James Clerk Maxwell's (1831-1879) theory of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light swallowed up the entire field of optics and explained electricity and magnetism as different manifestations of the same force.
Thus the two known forces of nature at the end of the nineteenth century were the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force. Both of these forces presented the same philosophical problem: that of action at a distance. If you use a hammer to exert a force directly upon a nail, you would not be surprised to find the nail moving into the wood. On the other hand, the hammer couldn't cause the nail to move just by being somewhere in its vicinity. Yet the gravitational force holds the Earth fast in its orbit around the Sun, despite the 93 million miles (150 million km) of space in between. Likewise, there will be an attraction between a positive electrical charge and a negative one, whether they are in a metal wire or in empty space.