"toxic substances range from metal salts of Mercury and lead to Complex organic chemicals" elaborate it
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Metal toxicity is a major medical concern. Of par-ticular concern are “heavy metals,” which occurnaturally in the earth’s crust1and are defined inphysiochemical terms as metals with a density at least 5times as great as water. This definition translates into anapproximate heavy-metal minimum density of 5, and—inaddition to cadmium, lead, and mercury—the metals zinc,copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, tin, manganese, and molybde-num also qualify. Scientifically, then, some heavy metals areessential nutrients. Cadmium (with a density of 8), lead(10), and mercury (14) are strikingly high in density com-pared with such common essential minerals as magnesium,calcium, or potassium, which all have densities below 2.Exposure to environmental contaminants comesthrough various routes, including natural sources (eg,groundwater, metal ores, and metal leaching from the soil),industrial processes, commercial products, and contaminat-ed dietary supplements and food (eg, fish).1The risk forchronic toxicity depends on the frequency, intensity, andduration of contact with the contaminant along with theexposure route.2Toxicity risk also depends on the inherenttoxic potential of the metal itself; thus, mercury, a nonessen-tial metal, possesses more inherent toxic potential than cop-per, a metal essential for physiologic function. Metal toxicityaffects all organ systems and can result in wide-ranging andnonspecific symptoms; however, the central nervous system(CNS) is especially susceptible to damage from metals (seeTable 1 for examples of mercury toxicity)
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