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Trace the growth of the rowlatt satyagraha headed by mahatma gandhi. How did this movement represent a new stage of national movement ?​

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Answered by vikaschadar1985
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Answered by rajnipandey496
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The Kheda peasant struggle is also known as no-tax peasant struggle. It was a satyagraha launched in

March 1919, under the leadership of Gandhiji, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Indulal Yajnik, N.M. Joshi,

Shankerlal Pareekh and several others.

It was again an experiment, quite like that of Champaran, made on non-violence. It was also

participated by intelligentsia. Incidentally, the movement provided an opportunity to the educated

public workers to establish contact with the actual life of the peasantry. The educated workers learnt

to identify themselves with the peasantry and made themselves available for sacrifices.

The Kheda peasantry mainly consisted of the Patidar peasants. The Patidars have always been known

for their skills in agriculture. The land of Kheda , a part of central Gujarat, is quite fertile for the

cultivation of tobacco and cotton crops. Educationally also, the Patel cultivators are well-off. The

struggle of the peasants was organised for several causes.

However, a few important causes are given below:

(a) The government reassessed the Kheda land and the cultivated crops. On the basis of land data

collected in this way, the tax was increased. This was unacceptable to the peasants.

(b) The peasants had suffered a famine and this had resulted in a large-scale failure of crops. The

government, however, did not accept the failure of crops and insisted on the full realisation of land

tax. The peasantry, on the other hand, made its own inquires and emphasised persistently that the

government was not justified in demanding the full land tax.

The Gujarat Sabha consisting of the peasants, submitted petitions and telegrams to the highest

governing authorities of the province requesting for the suspension of the revenue assessment for the

year 1919. But the officials maintained and rejected the popular demand for non-payment of tax.

When the government refused to consider the demands of the Kheda peasants for non-payment of

land tax, Gandhiji exhorted the peasants to resort to satyagraba.

In some cases, the government removed the opium crop by alleging that it was without permission.

This was considered to be a mischievous technique adopted by the government. The Patidar peasants

and the intelligentsia developed its faith in satyagraha.

Gandhiji observed that the beginning of an awakening among the peasants of Gujarat had come. The

non-payment of land tax led the government officials to auction the peasants‘ cattle, confiscate their

houses, and take away their movable property. The peasants were given notices of fines and

penalties. The Kheda movement was terminated owing to the acceptance of some of the prime

demands of the peasants.

Some of the achievements of the struggles were as under:

(a) It was settled that the well-to-do Patidar peasants would pay up the land rent and the poorer ones

would be granted remissions. The bulk of the peasant mass who constituted the small farmers, were

by and large, satisfied.

(b) What is important about the movement is that it created an awakening among peasants about their

demands. On the other hand, they sought their involvement in the struggle for independence. The

impact of the success was also realized among the peasants of Gujarat and the neighbouring states.

(c) Writing about the wider success of Kheda movement, Sujajat Choudhary observes: The

acceptance of the peasants‘ demand brought a new awakening among the peasantry. The struggle

made them realise that their complete emancipation from injustice and exploitation would not happen

so long as their country did not achieve complete independence. The bureaucracy no longer appeared

to these people as their well-wishers but only agents of the alien regime.

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