Question

Trade in the Vedic Age

Answer 1

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At that time barters system was followed

Answer 2

The early part of the Vedic period or that preceding it, was an age of economic self-sufficiency and consequently there was little scope for an exchange of commodities. All the rural centres were self-supporting. Every house-holder produced the necessaries of life—his farm producing his food-grains and other necessaries, the industry of the women of his household supplied him with his clothing, while the craftsmen attached to the village did the rest.

Consequently, there was no inter-dependence between two neighbouring local areas. The surplus product was kept for future consumption. This state of full economic independence did not however last long. Society became complex.:

A large section of the community gave up the simple agricultural life; the primitive arts and crafts drew away a large number; owing to these and various other causes, there arose a scope for interchange of commodities between different local areas.

Barter of goods, and later on, regular purchase and sale came to be introduced. The excess of production in certain localities induced energetic men to carry them to other places where these could be disposed of on profit. In this way there arose commercial enterprise, and we find mention of merchants even in the Rigveda as well as the use of the verb Kri (-meaning purchase; R. V. IV. 24. 10).

But beyond this, the Rigvedic evidence does not tell us anything. We know nothing us to the existence of markets, though one passage suggests the existence of haggling (IV. 24. 9). The same speaks of sellers, who demanded, more price than that originally asked for (e.g., something more than that paid at the time of sale). The buyer on the other hand is represented, as insisting on the original price demanded and paid for, and is made to insist on the sanctity of contracts (R. V, IV. 24.9).

As to traders we have in the Rigveda the words Vanij and Vanija (R. V, I. 112. 11 and R. V, 45. 6) denoting a merchant. In the Vaj. Sam. in connection with the Purusamedha the Vanij or merchant is mentioned as a victim (sea Vaj Sam. XXX. 17 and Taitt. Br. III. 4.14.1). Excepting their existence we know nothing of the Vedic merchants. The Vedic passages where the word Vanij occurs, tell us nothing about them, i.e. about the way in which they carried on business, their difficulties or the profits they made.⚡⚡⚡⚡⛄⛄⛄✨✨✌✌✔

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