Biology, asked by UKSTUDIOUS3006, 10 months ago

Transcription factors and transcriptional control in eukaryotic cells

Answers

Answered by cloudlist
0
The simple answer to this question is that eukaryotes have developed a more complex way of controlling expression of their existing genes than prokaryotes. This system of expression control relies on a group of proteins known astranscription factors (TFs), and it allows eukaryotes to alter their cell types and growth patterns in a variety of ways. TFs are not solely responsible for gene regulation; eukaryotes also rely on cell signaling, RNA splicing, siRNA control mechanisms, and chromatin modifications. However, TFs that bind to cis-regulator DNA sequences are responsible for either positively or negatively influencing the transcription of specific genes, essentially determining whether a particular gene will be turned "on" or "off" in anorganism.
Answered by Anonymous
0

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•Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA template.

•A segment of DNA gets copied into mRNA during the process.

•The process of transcription starts at the promoter region of the template DNA and terminates at the terminator region.

•The segment of DNA between these two regions is known as transcription unit.

•The transcription requires RNA polymerase enzyme, a DNA template, four types of ribonucleotides, and certain cofactors such as Mg2+.

•The three important events that occur during the process of transcription are as follows.

(i) Initiation

(ii) Elongation

(iii) Termination

•The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and certain initiation factors (σ) bind at the double stranded DNA at the promoter region of the template strand and initiate the process of transcription.

•RNA polymerase moves along the DNA and leads to the unwinding of DNA duplex into two separate strands.

•Then, one of the strands, called sense strand, acts as template for mRNA synthesis.

•The enzyme, RNA polymerase, utilizes nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) as raw material and polymerizes them to form mRNA according to the complementary bases present on the template DNA.

•This process of opening of helix and elongation of polynucleotide chain continues until the enzyme reaches the terminator region.

•As RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region, the newly synthesized mRNA transcripted along with enzyme is released.

•Another factor called terminator factor (ρ) is required for the termination of the transcription.

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