Question

Transport in animals 1st year book

Answer 1

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All the organisms need to transport water, food, minerals, oxygen to different parts of the body. They help in the growth and respiration of the cells. The waste products are transported to the excretory organs for elimination from the body.

Transportation in Animals

Transportation in animals is the combined effort of the circulatory system, and the excretory system.

• Blood is the fluid that flows in the blood vessels and transports the digested food from the small intestine to various parts of the body.
• There are two types of blood vessels- arteries and veins. The arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to different parts of the body and the oxygen-deficit blood is transported through the veins from all parts of the body to the heart.
• The heart is the main organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
• The process of removal of waste out of the cells is called excretion.
• The nitrogenous waste, excess sugar in the blood, excess salts, undigested wastes, and carbon dioxide are the substances to be excreted from the body.
• The lower organisms like amoeba, hydra, paramecium excrete the nitrogenous waste by the process of diffusion through the cell membrane, as they lack special excretory organs.
• The human excretory system constitutes kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
• Kidneys are the main excretory organ which regulates the balance of water and minerals in the body. They absorb minerals in the blood and eliminate the nitrogenous waste from the blood in the form of urine.