Question

transportation biology
notes
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Answer 1

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In biology, transport refers to the act or the means by which a molecule or ion is moved across the cell membrane or via the bloodstream. There are two types of transport in this regard: (1) passive transport and (2) active transport.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

Plant transport various substances like gases, minerals, water, hormone and organic solutes to short distance (one cell to another) or long distance as water from roots to tips of stem.

• Long distance transport occurs through vascular system, xylem and phloem called translocation through mass flow.
• The direction of translocation may be unidirectional as in case of water and multidirectional as in minerals and organic solutes.

Long distance transport occurs through vascular system, xylem and phloem called translocation through mass flow.

The direction of translocation may be unidirectional as in case of water and multidirectional as in minerals and organic solutes.

Simple Diffusion-

• Movement by diffusion is passive and slow along the concentration gradient through permeable membrane.
• No energy expenditure takes place. It occurs in liquid and gases.
• Rate of diffusion are affected by gradient of concentration, permeability of membrane, temperature and pressure.

Facilitated Diffusion-

• Lipid soluble particles easily pass through cell membrane but the hydrophilic solutes movement is facilitated.
• For facilitated diffusion, membrane possesses aquaporins or water channels. Aquaporins are membrane proteins for passive transport of water soluble substances without utilization of energy.
• The protein forms channels in membrane for molecules to pass through. The porins are proteins that forms huge pores in the outer membrane of the plastids, mitochondria etc.
• Water channels are made up of eight different types of aquaporins.

Symport, Antiport and Uniport-

• In Symport, both molecules cross the membrane in the same direction.
• In Antiport, both molecule moves in opposite direction.
• When a molecule moves across a membrane independent of other molecules, the process is called uniport.

Active Transport

• Uses energy to pump molecules against the concentration gradient. It is carried out by membrane proteins.
• In active transport movable carrier proteins are called pumps.
• The pumps can transport substance from low concentration to high concentration. The carrier proteins are very specific in what it carries across the membrane.
• Comparison between Transport mechanisms-
• Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport
• Special membrane protein is not required. Special membrane protein is required. Special membrane protein is required.
• Not selective Highly selective Highly selective
• Transport do not saturate Transport saturate Transport saturate
• No uphill transport Uphill transport Uphill transport
• No ATP energy is required. No ATP energy is required. ATP energy is required.
• Plant Water Relationship
• Water is essential for all physiological

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