Question

. True/False i. Mahalwari Settlement was introduced in Bengal presidency. ________________ ii. India was the biggest supplier of indigo in the world in nineteenth-century. ________________ iii. Being a plant of the temperate zones, woad was more easily available in India. ________________ iv. After the revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal and the planters shifted their operation to Bihar. ________________ v. Mahatma Gandhiji started the Champaran movement against the indigo planters. ________________

Answer 1

Answer:

1 false

2 true

3 true

4 false

5 true

Answer 2

i. Mahalwari Settlement was introduced in Bengal presidency - True

ii. India was the biggest supplier of indigo in the world in nineteenth-century - True

iii. Being a plant of the temperate zones, woad was more easily available in India. - False

iv. After the revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal and the planters shifted their operation to Bihar - True

v. Mahatma Gandhiji started the Champaran movement against the indigo planters - True

Explanation:

• The "Mahalwari system" was  a "land revenue system" that was introduced by "Holt Mackenzie" in the year 1822. It included the states of Awadh, Agra, Punjab & parts of Madhya Pradesh & Orissa, which were a part of the Bengal Presidency.
• During the "19thcentury", India was the "biggest supplier" of "high-quality indigo" globally. France, Britain, & Italy were the key buyers as well as exporters of "Indian indigo" for over hundreds of years prior to  that.
• Woad crop plant used for the preparation of blue & violet dyes. Woad was a temperate-zone plant & was therefore easily "available in Europe". Woad was cultivated in "southern France", "northern Italy",& in "parts of Britain & Germany".  Woad producers in Europe were troubled about Indian indigo rivalry & hence put pressure on their own govts to prohibit indigo imports from India.
• The European planters (of Indigo) moved their activities to Bihar when Indigo production plummeted in Bengal (after the rebellion or Grand Rebellion of 1857). Once the synthetic dyes were found at the "end of the 19thcentury" their industry became seriously impacted, however they managed to increase production.
• The Champaran Satyagraha is a significant incident in the history of the movement for independence in India. It was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience campaign against the exploitation of farmers in Champaran, Bihar district of India. The farmers protested against being forced to produce indigo with no payment.

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