(Ts'lun /Rene de reaumur ) watched wasps munching on wood
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(Ts'lun /Rene de reaumur ) watched wasps munching on wood
History of paper.
A Chinese official called Ts'ai Lun was crushing up plants and he made a big wet mush of separate fibers and he spread them all out in a mat made of coarse cloth and a bamboo frame. All of his family, neighbors and friends were laughing at him. But when the sun dried the material he said that he had made something really amazing. He had made paper and it will become one of the most important inventions ever. Archeological evidence showed that this was already invented some years ago but he was the one who record it so we say that he had built up the work of others. Before paper was made people used to write in cave walls, drew on wet clay and they have also written in papyrus. People made papyrus but what Ts’ai Lun discovered was that separating plant fibers and suspending them in water formed their own mats called paper.
Chinese papermaking spread slowly all over the world, from Asia into Africa and Europe. Soon just about everyone knew how to make paper. Still, there wasn't a lot of paper around, since making it gobbled up a lot of paper-making material.
Early paper was made of rags, and rags were hard to come by. Soon the printing press was invented.
Because of the invention of the printing press, more books were printed, people became better educated, and these people were thinking trying to find out another substance that could provide more paper-making material.
One of those people was a man named Rene de Réaumur who, in the 1700s, watched a species of wasp we now call the paper wasp. These insects were munching on wood. Not eating it, exactly, but chewing it up, spitting the mush back out and forming nests with it. Not pretty, Réaumur might have thought, but pretty interesting. It seemed to him that the wasps were making paper out of wood. Somehow, Réaumur never tried to imitate the wasps by making paper himself, but had fallen upon the secret of practical papermaking: wood could be broken apart, like the other organic materials, and crafted into paper. We still follow Réaumur's advice and the wasps' example, although papermaking has become a more complex process and its products have varied and advanced a lot.
People picked up the paper challenge. One person, a man named Kellar, learned how to grind wood efficiently, others invented new ways to separate wood fibers and Réaumur had written down his paper recipe, or more accurately, the wasps' recipe, it looked like this: wood fiber + water + energy = paper.
We still use the same basic formula to make paper but we vary the kind of food and energy to get the different types of paper that we want.
There are many types of paper, there's not a day that we don'y use paper in many ways and it goes to Ts'ai Lun's innovation and Réaumur's industrious wasps.
Papermaking today, is a science as well as an art. Engineers and technicians speed things up using computers to help factories that can produce huge rolls of paper at more than 45 miles an hour.