Question

Two factors are said to be orthogonal when:

Answer 1

It means they [the random variables X,Y] are 'independent' to each other. Independent random variables are often considered to be at 'right angles' to each other, where by 'right angles' is meant that the inner product of the two is 0 (an equivalent condition from linear algebra).


If X and Y are independent then they are Orthogonal. But the converse is not true as pointed out by the clever example