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Roman buildings and monuments still stand in many of our cities and towns, some structures still in use today.
How did the Romans, building two millennia ago with nothing but human muscle and animal power, leave such a lasting legacy?
The Romans built on what they knew from the Ancient Greeks. The two styles are together called Classical Architecture and their principles are still used by modern architects.

The Parthenon In Athens. The Romans took Ancient Greek principles and built on them.
From the 18th century, Neoclassical architects deliberately copied ancient buildings with regular, plain, symmetrical designs with lots of columns and arches, often using white plaster or stucco as a finish. Modern buildings built in this style are described as New Classical.
1. The arch and the vault
The Romans did not invent but did master both the arch and vault, bringing a new dimension to their buildings that the Greeks did not have.

The Romans used arches and vaults when constructing Trajan’s markets in Rome. Find out how space archaeology is helping to uncover Ancient Rome’s secrets in the documentary Rome: What Lies Beneath on HistoryHit.TV.WATCH NOW
Arches can carry much more weight than straight beams, allowing longer distances to be spanned without supporting columns. The Romans realised that arches didn’t have to be full semi-circles, allowing them to build their long bridges. Stacks of arches allowed them to build higher spans, best seen in some of their spectacular aqueducts.
Vaults take the arches strengths and apply them in three dimensions. Vaulted roofs were a spectacular innovation. The widest vaulted Roman roof was the 100 foot-wide roof over the throne room in Diocletian’s palace.
2. Domes

An 18th century painting of the dome of the Pantheon.
Domes use similar principles of circular geometry to cover large areas with no internal support.
The oldest surviving dome in Rome was in the Emperor Nero’s Golden
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