Two trains A and B are moving towards north and towards east with velocities 3m/s and
4m/s respectively .Calculate the relative velocity of B with respect to A.
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First step is drawing a diagram: A a line going 3 units up
B a line going 4 units to the right.
THEN, noticing we want directions relative to B, we draw a second diagram.
A a line going 3 units up. And a line then going 4 units left.
So the relative velocity is the line starting at the foot and ending 5 units to the upper left direction. How did I know the v is 5? That’s because I drew a rt angle triangle with two sides 3 and 4, and recalling Pythagoras we know v^2 = 3^2 + 4^2 = 25 so v = 5 km/s.
This number group is called a pythagorean triple, 3,4,5 - worth remembering.
(the direction is given by tan (4/3) or 53.13 degrees less than north - 360 degrees = 306.87 deg
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