types of forces in physics
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A force is a push or pull acting upon an object as a result of its interaction with another object. There are a variety of types of forces.
Contact Forces:
Applied Force – This is the easiest type of force to understand. Push on an object and the object pushes back, says Newton's First Law, until the magnitude of the force overcomes the object's inertia. At that point, the object begins moving and, in the absence of other forces, accelerates by an amount proportionate to the magnitudes of its mass and the applied force.
Normal Force – Force is a vector quantity, which means its magnitude depends on direction. In any interaction between two objects, the normal force is the force perpendicular to the interface between the interacting objects. Normal force doesn't always produce movement. For example, a table exerts a normal force on a book to overcome the force of gravity and keep the book from falling.
Frictional Force – Frictional force usually resists movement. It's a result of the fact that surfaces in the real world aren't perfectly smooth. The magnitude of the frictional force exerted by a surface depends on the coefficient of friction of the material from which the surface is made as well as that of the object moving along it. The force of friction on a resting object, called static friction, is different from that on a moving object, called sliding friction.
Air Resistance – Objects moving through Earth's atmosphere encounter a resistant force created by the friction generated by air molecules. This force becomes stronger with increasing speed and increasing surface area perpendicular to the direction of motion. It's an important quantity in the aviation and aerospace industries.
Tension Force – Tie a string to a fixed object, pull on the other end, and the string pulls back until it breaks. The force the string exerts is the tension force, which is applied along its length. It's a property of the material from which the string is made as well as the diameter.
Spring Force – The amount of force necessary to compress a spring depends on the material from which the spring is made, the diameter of the wire that forms the coils, and the number of coils. These properties are quantified in a number characteristic of the spring called the spring constant "k." The force needed to compress the spring a distance "x" is given by Hooke's Law: F = kx.
Action at a Distance Forces:
Gravitational Force – The reason for the existence of this force is something of a mystery, but if it didn't exist, planets and stars wouldn't be able to form. The magnitude of the gravitational force objects exert on each other depends on the masses of the objects and the inverse of the square of the distance between them. The more massive the objects and/or the shorter the distance between them, the stronger the force.
Electromagnetic Force – Although they don't seem to be the same, electricity and magnetism are related. Flowing electrons produce magnetism, and a moving magnet produces electricity. The relationship between these phenomena was explained by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century and is quantified in his equations. Electricity exerts a force via the attraction or repulsion of charged particles, whereas the magnetic force is due to the attraction or repulsion caused by magnetic poles.
The Strong Force – Because all protons are positively charged, they repel one another, and they wouldn't be able to form an atomic nucleus if the strong force didn't exist to hold them together. The strong force is the most powerful force in nature. It's also the one that binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons.
The Weak Force – The weak force is another fundamental nuclear force. It's stronger than gravity, but it only works at infinitesimally short distances. Carried by subatomic bundles of energy called bosons,
(A boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. Bosons make up one of the two classes of particles, the other being fermions.)
The weak force causes protons to change into neutrons and vice versa during nuclear decay. Without this force, nuclear fusion would be impossible, and stars, such as the sun, wouldn't exist.
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Force➫ Any interaction that when unopposed will change the motion of an object.
♦ It's SI unit is Newton (N).
♦ It has both magnitude & direction, making it a vector quantity.
♦ It can cause an object with mass to change its velocity to accelerate.
➊❭ Effects 0f Force are:-
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❱ It can make a stationary object move or change its position of rest.
♦Ex:- When you kick a stationary Football it will in motion.
❱ It can change the speed of a moving object.
♦Ex:- When goalkeeper applies force to stop the football.
❱ It can change the direction of motion of a moving object.
♦Ex:- When a batsman hits a ball.
❱ It can change the shape or size of an object.
♦Ex:- When you squeeze a sponge.
❷❭ Types 0f Force are:-
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❲1❳ Contact Force➫ A force that acts only when it is in contact with an object.
♦Ex:- Pushing a car up a hill.
❱ Types 0f Contact Force:-
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❱ Muscular➾ The force which is exerted by the muscle of your body.
♦Ex:- When you lift your School's Bag.
❱ Frictional➾ The force generated by two surfaces that contacts & slide against each other.
♦Ex:- A person sliding down a slide.
❲2❳ Non-Contact Force➫ A force that acts on an object without being in contact with it.
♦Ex:- Leaves falling from a tree.
❱ Types 0f Non-Contact Force:-
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❱ Gravitational➾ A force that attracts any two objects with mass.
♦Ex:- Leaves falling from trees.
❱ Magnetic➾ The force that arises due to the motion of charged particle within the magnetic field.
♦Ex:- Iron pin attracted to magnet.
❱ Electrostatic➾ The attraction or repulsion of particles or objects because of their electric charge.
♦Ex:- When you rub a comb in hair.
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