Types of institutions with example and their impact on environment
Answers
Social institutions play a vital role in shaping the decisions related to environment. Social institutions are basically the groups of persons banded together for common purposes having rights, privilages, liabilities, goals, or objectives distinct and independant from those of individual members. There can be various forms of social institutions but most prominent among them are community based e.g - same group in same locality under the same government or a group or having common interests. Their importance lies in the fact that There are valuation methods which are used to assess the ecological costs of establishing any projects in any particular patchs. Suppose an agency wants to set up a factory in a area which is a forest area with wild- lives along with some residential population on its outskirts. The responsibile agency would value people's willingness to pay a specific service it used to derive from the environment to obtain another service or factory good this method is known as contingent valuation. Similarly, there are other methods such as contingent replacement (the agency would weigh the costs and benefits of replacing one service with another), Health costs ( the increase in no. Of people visiting hospitals due to factory's discharge of toxic materials), Travel costs ( no. Of times people visiting the place and paying entry charges) all these methods play vital role in putting dollar value in the environmental goods or services. All these valuations method mean nothing untill the local institutions also known as the social institutions play a key role in decision makings. The social institutions also work as pressure groups for example the river interlinking project in India which is supposed to have negative environmental impacts once it is commenced in many locations. The issues related to environment can only be brought to Centre of importance untill the social institutions in that affected area or other working organizations involve in decision making. By involvement of these institutions we mean that highlighting the environmental issues which remain ignored by the operating agency.
cial institutions play a vital role in shaping the decisions related to environment. Social institutions are basically the groups of persons banded together for common purposes having rights, privilages, liabilities, goals, or objectives distinct and independant from those of individual members. There can be various forms of social institutions but most prominent among them are community based e.g - same group in same locality under the same government or a group or having common interests. Their importance lies in the fact that There are valuation methods which are used to assess the ecological costs of establishing any projects in any particular patchs. Suppose an agency wants to set up a factory in a area which is a forest area with wild- lives along with some residential population on its outskirts. The responsibile agency would value people's willingness to pay a specific service it used to derive from the environment to obtain another service or factory good this method is known as contingent valuation. Similarly, there are other methods such as contingent replacement (the agency would weigh the costs and benefits of replacing one service with another), Health costs ( the increase in no. Of people visiting hospitals due to factory's discharge of toxic materials), Travel costs ( no. Of times people visiting the place and paying entry charges) all these methods play vital role in putting dollar value in the environmental goods or services. All these valuations method mean nothing untill the local institutions also known as the social institutions play a key role in decision makings. The social institutions also work as pressure groups for example the river interlinking project in India which is supposed to have negative environmental impacts once it is commenced in many locations. The issues related to environment can only be brought to Centre of importance untill the social institutions in that affected