Question

Types of operating system and their functions

Answer 1

Functions of Operating system:

• Memory Management - Manages memory of computer system and try to keep the memory clear and clean always. Cache is also removed automatically by OS.

• File Management - OS Manages the different files and documents in computer system.

• Device Management - OS brings complete, proper control and co-ordination in different tasks of system. In short, it manages device.

• I/O management - Operating system helps user to input the data. The output formed inside the CPU is given to user with the help of Operating system only.

• Networking -  Operating system manages the internet and network connection inside the computer system. Operating system creates interface between our computer and to network to which are connected.

• Security - Operating system plays very important role in security of computer system. As it has it's inbuilt security function, This function helps us to browser more secure.

• Processor Management - Operating system also manages the processor. It sends the input given by user, send it to user in the form of output; Also, Manages the different operations according to their intensity.

Operating system is a system software that manages the software resources, Hardware devices and provides the common application services for computer system. Operating system installs the connection between Humans and Computers. Because of operating system only, we can perform work and give instructions to the computer.

In short, Operating system is a system software that creates the interface between computer and user. Operating system helps us to communicate with computers without knowing their language. It is not easy to use a computer system, mobile, TV any digital device without having operating system in it.

Operating system provides common services to computer system like File search, Calculator, Various in built apps, Word, PowerPoint and excel etc. Due to which, it becomes easy to use a computer system. If we use a computer system without OS, then we will just seeing Binary codes on our screen. Which aren't easy to get understood.

Features of Operating system:

1. Resource the allocation of memory
2. Protects the information and data inside the computer system
3. Manages the memory
4. Virtual multitasking
5. Program execution
6. Allows computer system with network
7. Installs the connection between User and Computer.

Types of Operating system:

• Multiprocessing OS

• Multitasking OS

• Batch OS

• Mobile OS

• Network OS

• Distributed OS

• Real Time OS

What is 32 Bit and 64 Bit ?

32 Bits system can handle ram only 3.2 GB of ram. 32 Bits system processes the data simultaneously and output in given in seconds. This systems required 32 bit CPU and OS.

64 Bits systems can handle ram up to 17 Billion GB. This systems processes the data in the bit of second. This are very simultaneous systems. This systems 64 bit CPU and OS.

Popular Operating systems for computer system:

• Windows - Versions: Windows 10, 8, 7, XP, 98...

• Apple OS - Versions: Mojave, Catalina, Mac OS X

• Linux - Versions - Red Hat, KDE....

• Ubuntu

• Chrome OS

• Fedora

Answer 2

Types of Operating Systems

An Operating System performs all the basic tasks like managing file,process, and memory. Thus operating system acts as manager of all the resources, i.e. resource manager. Thus operating system becomes an interface between user and machine.

Types of Operating Systems: Some of the widely used operating systems are as follows-

1. Batch Operating System –

This type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator which takes similar jobs having same requirement and group them into batches. It is the responsibility of operator to sort the jobs with similar needs.

Advantages of Batch Operating System:

• It is very difficult to guess or know the time required by any job to complete. Processors of the batch systems know how long the job would be when it is in queue.

• Multiple users can share the batch systems.

• The idle time for batch system is very less.

• It is easy to manage large work repeatedly in batch systems.

Disadvantages of Batch Operating System:

• The computer operators should be well known with batch systems.

• Batch systems are hard to debug.

• It is sometime costly.

• The other jobs will have to wait for an unknown time if any job fails.

Examples of Batch based Operating System: Payroll System, Bank Statements etc.

2. Time-Sharing Operating Systems –

Each task is given some time to execute, so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets time of CPU as they use single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems. The task can be from single user or from different users also. The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum. After this time interval is over OS switches over to next task.

• Advantages of Time-Sharing OS:

• Each task gets an equal opportunity

• Less chances of duplication of software

• CPU idle time can be reduced

• Disadvantages of Time-Sharing OS:

• Reliability problem

• One must have to take care of security and integrity of user programs and data

• Data communication problem

Examples of Time-Sharing OSs are: Multics, Unix etc.

3. Distributed Operating System –

These types of operating system is a recent advancement in the world of computer technology and are being widely accepted all-over the world and, that too, with a great pace. Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate each other using a shared communication network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU. These are referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed systems. These system’s processors differ in size and function. The major benefit of working with these types of operating system is that it is always possible that one user can access the files or software which are not actually present on his system but on some other system connected within this network i.e., remote access is enabled within the devices connected in that network.

• Advantages of Distributed Operating System:

• Failure of one will not affect the other network communication, as all systems are independent from each other.

• Electronic mail increases the data exchange speed.

• Since resources are being shared, computation is highly fast and durable.

• Load on host computer reduces.

• These systems are easily scalable as many systems can be easily added to the network.

• Delay in data processing reduces

• Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System:

• Failure of the main network will stop the entire communication

• To establish distributed systems the language which are used are not well defined yet

• These types of systems are not readily available as they are very expensive. Not only that the underlying software is highly complex and not understood well yet.

Examples of Distributed Operating System are- LOCUS etc.

4. Network Operating System –

These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. These type of operating systems allow shared access of files, printers, security, applications, and other networking functions over a small private network. One more important aspect of Network Operating Systems is that all the users are well aware of the underlying configuration, of all other users within the network, their individual connections etc. and that’s why these computers are popularly known as tightly coupled systems.

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