Types of soil with description
Answers
1.black soil- this soil is found in areas of basalt rocks. this soil has immense water retaining capacity. it is quite fertile land is ideal for cotton sugar cane and groundnut cultivation. it is found in many areas in Gujarat Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
2. Alluvial soil-this soil is mainly formed by alluvium carried by rivers since soil is fertile in nature almost all kind of cultivation is possible. Alluvial soil is found on the cloud planes and in the deltaic region.
3. red soil-this soil is formed by breaking down of metamorphic rocks over the year. it is red in colour because of the high amount of iron that it contains. Ragi nuts tobacco paddy and chickpeas cultivated on the soil. it is mainly found in the areas of Odisha Chhattisgarh Mizoram Manipur and West Bengal.
4. laterite soil-this soil is formed in area of high temperature and heavy rainfall where dry and wet Seasons follow each other. this soil is red in colour because it contains high amount of iron dioxide.
this soil is infertile. groundnut Jowar Bajra Ragi are cultivated here. it is found in the areas of Chota Nagpur Plateau mountain in Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
5. soil of desert region-this soil is formed in areas of very little rainfall and excessive temperature. it has little water retaining capacity and is infertile. millet like Ragi Bajra are chiefly soon and cultivated in the soil. this soil is found in the desert region of Rajasthan.
6. soil of mountainous region-this soil is formed in humid temperate climate. it contains large amount of organic matter. this soil is found in mountainous region of Himalayas hilly region of Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills in the south. it is suitable for cultivating tea coffee and different spices........
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Alluvial soils: The most fertile soil is the alluvial soil. Alluvial soil has been deposited by flowing rivers. It generally consists of minute particles of soil of various kinds mixed with salts and other minerals, and contains animal and vegetable matters in a state of complete decay.
Black soils: Black soil is rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium but has poor nitrogen content. Crops like cotton, tobacco, chilly, oil seeds, jowar, ragi and maize grow well in it
Red soils: Red soil are usually found in warm, temperate climate zones like India. These are derived from crystalline rock. These are usually poor growing soils with low nutrients and humus. These soils are very difficult for cultivation due to their low water holding capacity.
Laterite soils: Laterite soil is formed due to intense leaching by rain water. Laterite soil is a rock type soil rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
Mountain soils: Mountain soils are formed due to the accumulation of organic matter which is derived from the forest growth.
Desert soils: Most desert soils are called Aridisols (dry soil). These are porous sandy soils with low nitrogenous matter and humus.