Question

UB - ENGLISH
Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow.
1.1 Necessity is indeed the mother of invention. When area in and around Leh began to
experience water shortages, life didn't grind to a halt. Why? because Chewang Norphel, a
retired civil engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir Government, came up with the idea of
artificial glaciers
1.2 Ladakh, a cold desert at an altitude of 3000 to 3500 metres above sea level, has a low
average annual rainfall rate of 50mm. Glaciers have always been the only source of water.
Agriculture is completely dependent on Glacier melt unlike the rest of river/monsoon-fed
India. But over the years with increasing effects of Climate Change, rainfall and snowfall
patterns have been changing, resulting in severe shortage and drought situations. Given the
severe winter conditions, the window for farming is usually limited to one harvest season.
1.3 It is located between the natural Glacier above and the village below. The one closer to the
village and lowest in altitude melts first, providing water during April/May, the crucial
sowing season. Further layers of ice above melt with increasing temperature thus ensuring
continuous supply to the fields. Thus, farmers have been able to manage two crops instead
of one. It costs about rupees 150000 and above to create one.
1.4 Fondly called the "Glacier man" Mr Norphel has designed over 15 artificial graciers in and
around Leh since 1987. In recognition of his pioneering effort, he was conferred the Padma
Shri by president Pranab Mukherjee, in 2015.
1.5 There are few basic steps followed in creating the artificial Glacier,
1.6 River or stream water at higher altitude is diverted to a shaded area of the hill, facing north,
where the winter sun is blocked by a ridge or a mountain range. At the start of
winter/November, the diverted water is made to flow onto sloping Hill face through
distribution channels. Stone embankments are built at regular intervals which impede the
flow of water, making shallow pools and freeze, n forming a cascade of ice along the slope.
Ice formation continues for 3-4 monthsn resulting in a large accumulation of ice which is
referred to as an artificial Glacier.
attempt any eight of the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read,
a) Who was Chewang Norphel?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Chewang Norphel was a retired civil engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir Government.