UM-span perspective on development.
3. What are developmental tasks? Explain by giving examples.
4. Environment of the child has a major role in the development of the child'. Support your
answer with examples.
5.
How do socio-cultural factors influence development?
6. Discuss the cognitive changes taking place in a developing child.
7. Attachment bonds formed in childhood years have long-term effects. Explain taking
examples from daily life.
8. What is adolescence? Explain the concept of egocentrism.
9. What are the factors influencing the formation of identity during adolescence? Support
your answer with examples.
10. What are the challenges faced by individuals on entry to adulthood?
Project Ideas
1. Think of your experiences during the last 2-3 years and answer the following: Did you
have confrontations with your parents? What were the main problems? How did you
solve your problems, and whose help did you seek? Compare your list with your
classmates. Are there any similarities? Can you now think of better ways of solving the
problems faced by you?
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Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
(3)-
Developmental tasks refer to a physical or cognitive skill that a person must accomplish during a particular age period to continue development. A developmental task for infants is walking, which is followed by the development of a sense of autonomy in the toddler period.
(4)-
Environment of the child has a major role to play in the development of the child because it includes the surroundings in which the child develops various cognitive and motor skills. ... Thus, environment plays a vital role in the child's development.
EXAMPLE- A CHILD LIVING IN HOUSE WHERE HIS DAD OS ALWAYS FIGHTING WITH THE MOTHER OF THE CHILD . THEN THE CHILD ALWAYS FIGHTING GET A HOBBY OF NOT RESPECTING GIRLS
(5)-
Society and culture both influence the developmental milestones of a child.
Many psychologists like Lev Vygotsky have greatly emphasized that socio-cultural factors are key to development in their developmental theories.
Language development, verbal and nonverbal communications, cognitive and intellectual development, and physical development are all influenced by socio-cultural factors like:
Nutritional and health conditions and sanitation and cleanliness
Race and racism, ethnicity
Religion, class, sects and intersects
Customs and traditions
Attitudes, values, and lifestyle
Stereotyping
Family and parenting style
Education
Economical factors
Law and politics
Technology and resources
Population
(6)-
Cognitive development is the ability of a child to think, reason, and perceive things and acquire knowledge or concept from the same.
It includes various thought processes like information processing, remembering, language development, reasoning, memory etc which are gained through the interaction of nature and nurture components.
Many psychologists like Piaget, Vygotsky etc have staged and marked milestones of cognitive development of a child according to its age.
Piaget in his cognitive developmental theory divided cognitive development into four main stages according to the age of the child
Sensorimotor – 0 to 2 years old - coordination of sensory experiences and motor responses, natural curiosities, demand level language, and object permanence
Preoperational – 2 to 7 years – symbolic thinking, language development with use of grammar and syntax, imagination and conceptualization, intuitions, and conservation
Concrete operational – 7 to 11 years old – concrete conceptual thoughts, application of time, space, quantity and quality, mostly as collective entity
Formal operational – 11 years and above – Theoretical, abstract and logical thinking, reasoning and hypothetical, linking of different concepts, planning.
(7)-
Attachment bonds formed in childhood years have long-term effects notably between parents and children.
The brain development of infants usually depends on loving, attachment, relationship with a primary caregiver.
For example, if you evidence any nature refreshment during childhood then you will definitely recall the sense that you have already visited that place.
If the hugs, smiles from parents could help babies against heartbreaks, and even help them to pass examinations decades later.
(8)-
Adolescence egocentrism is the term that child psychologist David Elkind used to described the phenomenon of adolescent inability to distinguish between their perception of what other think about them and what people actually think in reality.
(9)-
What are the challenges faced by individuals on entry to adulthood the adults with gets a new rollrespon sibiy at work she has to adjust with new challenging situation. their are personal regarding different abjudsments proving one's compression and coping with exepretation of borth employees and self.
(10)-
Handling conflict with parents is tough because we love them and, at times, they drive us crazy! In the past I shared my deep feelings with my parents with things that have hurt me. Other times I setup personal boundaries with them. Both have been semi-successful.
Conflict with parents is especially precarious. They are our elders and the people that gave us life and/or care. For me, I have simply realized there are ways my parents do things that I just won’t be able to change. Like my mom loves to pry into my love life. For years, it drove me crazy and cause me great frustration but now I see it as her way of caring about my life. It’s actually freeing to realize we don’t need to change our parents. I’m trying to love them more and more for who they are, not who I want them to be.
Finally, give them space to respond and go from there. Reaffirm your parents that you love them.
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Environment affects the development of the child as it leaves a big affect on their minds. If a child is living in an environment in which he is surrounded by aggressive people, surely he will also be of aggressive nature.