Question

Under SFA The information on products can be viewed categorically or in alphabetical order.​

Answer 1

2.3 LCM Framework

LCM is being positioned as a framework that builds on existing structures, systems, tools and

information. LCM is not meant to replace existing concepts, tools and programs, but rather offer a novel

approach for improving the application of different systems, processes and tools. Figure 1 depicts the

LCM framework.

Figure 1: LCM Framework

To integrate environmental considerations into their everyday decision-making processes companies

use various approaches and techniques. Environmental approaches and techniques can be described

as operating at a management system level, a program level, or a technical level.

Companies can deploy each of these systems, programs, and tools in different ways. What follows is a

description of some of the more common management systems, programs, and tools that are used to

support environmental decision-making.

The toolbox for LCM needs to include both analytical and procedural tools. In this context, interfaces

and recommended practice must be defined, when tools are used in conjunction with LCA (parallel or sequential). This must build on an assessment of scientific background and the use of those other tools,

including:

Procedural concepts, systems, programs and tools:

• Environmental management systems (EMS);

• Specific audits, certification, standards;

• Environmental accounting;

• Design for environment;

• Environmental labeling;

• Environmental impact assessment (EIA);

• Environmental reporting;

• Product stewardship;

• Extended producer responsibility.

Social and economic analytical concepts,

programs and tools:

• Life Cycle costing (LCC);

• Total cost of ownership (TCO);

• Input-output analysis (IOA);

• Cost-benefit analysis (CBA);

• Stakeholder expectation analysis;

• Corporate social responsibility (CSR);

• Social accounting.

Environmental Analytical concepts, programs and tools:

• Life Cycle assessment (LCA);

• Input / output analysis (IOA);

• Simulation / modeling techniques;

• Environmental risk assessment (ERA);

• Substance flow analysis (SFA);

• Material flow analysis (MFA);

• Cumulated energy demand (CED);

• Environmental monitoring;

• Full cost accounting.

Communication programs and tools:

• ISO Type III labels (environmental product declarations);

• ISO Type II labels (environmental claims);

• ISO Type I environmental labels;

• Environmental reporting;

• Environmental certifications.

Substance flow accounting (SFA) - A mapping of the total use, recycling and disposal of a specific

substance in a defined region. The mapping reveals which materials the substance is a part of. The

mapping quantifies use, recycling and disposal of the substance for the different purposes. Part of

Material Flow Analysis.

Substance flow analysis (SFA)—See material flow accounting.

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