Under which topic of sociology does human trafficking belong to ?
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this section, I am going to consider ‘trafficking’ and ‘forced labour’ together, as distinct from ‘smuggling’, at least conceptually. This is because although the latter may involve fraud, deception and brutality, illegal migration does not meet most of the criteria detailed below. The first two phenomena do, by and large, conform to them. Nevertheless, I will argue that there is one major difference between ‘contemporary’ and ‘historic’ slavery, one that is held by many historians to be a precondition of holding someone to be enslaved in a system of slavery. This is the absence of any approximation to, let alone equivalent of, manumission. Its lack is both a source of objective and subjective personal hopelessness for those trafficked but it also means that contemporary slavery sets a completely new policy agenda in late modernity for combatting practices of domination that are literally without any determinate end.
In his acclaimed socio-historical study, Slavery and Social Death,[4] Orlando Patterson lists three distinctive features of the ‘master-slave relationship’ (Hegel) that are constitutive of slavery and together define it. Although the book ends before the last decades of the twentieth century, his framework can be used to ask whether or not the organized forms of human trafficking (that appear to have increased over the last twenty-five years) do in fact share the defining features of slavery over the millennia.
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