unification in Italy in key points
Answers
The Italian unification was a political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into a single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
The process began in 1815, with the Congress of Vienna acting as a detonator, and was completed in 1871 when Rome became the capital. However, the last Italian territories under foreign rule did not join the Kingdom of Italy until 1918, after Italy finally defeated Austria-Hungary in World War I.
As other foreign powers were responsible for the situation of Italy, their very presence motivated Italians to strive for unification, however, Italy’s successful unification, ironically, would not have come to pass without the help of other foreign powers.
The situation of Italy after unification can best be described after the statement of professor Serge Hughes: “Now that we have made Italy, we must make Italians.”
Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Cavour and Victor Emannuel II are considered to be “the fathers of the fatherland”.
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Answer:
Explanation:
UNIFICATION OF ITALY
1) Italy, a fragmented state: Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multinational Hasburg empire. During the middle of the the 19th century, Italy was divided into 7 states of which only Sardinia Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
2) Role of Giuseppe Mazzini: He was the leader of the Republic party. While in exile in 1831, he found new associations called the Young Italy. It was a secret society which was formed to bring about regeneration of Italy through education.
3) Role of Cavour: Cavour became the chief minister of piedmont in 1852. His main aim was to affect the emancipation of Italy from Austria. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat but is know as the real maker of Italy.
4) Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi: He was the hero of the ‘Red Shirts’ revolutionary movement. In 1860, he marched into South Italy and the kingdom of Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local people in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.
5) Victor Emmanuel II: In 1861, the first Italian parliament representing the whole of Italy, excepting Rome and Venetia assembled in twin which formally conferred upon Victor Emmanuel II, the title of the king of Italy.
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