Question

unification of italy

Answer 1

Italian unification, or the Risorgimento, meaning "the Resurgence"), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. The process began in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna and was completed in 1871 when Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.

The term, which also designates the cultural, political and social movement that promoted unification, recalls the romantic, nationalist and patriotic ideals of an Italian renaissance through the conquest of a unified political identity that, by sinking its ancient roots during the Roman period, "suffered an abrupt halt [or loss] of its political unity in 476 AD after the collapse of the West Roman Empire".[3] However, some of the terre irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until 1918 after Italy defeated Austria–Hungary in World War I. For this reason, sometimes the period is extended to include the late 19th-century and the First World War (1915–1918), until the 4 November 1918 Armistice of Villa Giusti, which is considered the completion of unification. This view is followed, for example, at the Central Museum of Risorgimento at the Vittoriano. Historians continue to debate many of the key features and personalities of the movement.

Answer 2

              Unification Of Italy

Like Germany, Italy has a long history of political fragmentation.

During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into seven states of which only one state(Sardinia-Piedmont) was ruled by an Italian princely house.

The main leaders of unification process are these three revolutionaries: 1) Giuseppe Mazzini, 2) Count de Cavour and 3) Giuseppe Garibaldi.

→In Italy,

• The north part was ruled by Austrian Habsburg.

• Middle part was under Pope.

• And the Southern part was ruled by Bourbon Dynasty.

→ Later, Giuseppe Mazzini subsequently found two secret societies, Young Italy and Young Europe.

→ With the failure of revolutionaries, the responsibility fell on Sardinia Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel-2 to unify the Italian states through war.

→ At the end, Austrian Habsburg were defeated by Cavour with the help of France.

→ Bourbon Dynasty were defeated by the Giuseppe Garibaldi with the support of Peasants.

Hence, Strong nationalist cultural movements and economic development are factors which prepare the ground for Italian unification.