UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE
We have read about the gradual evolution of
democracy. The right to vote was not given
to all the people in the past. Only propertied
people and males had the right to vote. The
Suffragette Movement in the 19th and 20th
centuries ensured that women also got the
right to vote. However, in India, all citizens
above the age of 18, irrespective of their caste,
creed, religion or gender, are given the right to
vote. This is called universal adult franchise.
In India, universal adult franchise is based on
concept of 'one-man, one-vote.
the
Answers
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The history of the suffrage, or franchise, is one of gradual extension from limited, privileged groups in society to the entire adult population. Nearly all modern governments have provided for universal adult suffrage. It is regarded as more than a privilege extended by the state to its citizenry, and it is rather thought of as an inalienable right that inheres to every adult citizen by virtue of citizenship. In democracies it is the primary means of ensuring that governments are responsible to the governed.
United States
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United States: Suffrage
All citizens at least 18 years of age are eligible to vote. (Prisoners, ex-felons, and individuals on...
The basic qualifications for suffrage are similar everywhere, although there are minor variations from country to country. Usually only the adult citizens of a country are eligible to vote there, the minimum age varying from 18 to 25 years. Most governments insist also on the voter’s affiliation to a certain locality or constituency. The insane, certain classes of convicted criminals, and those punished for certain electoral offenses are generally barred from the suffrage.
Before the evolution of universal suffrage, most countries required special qualifications of their voters. In 18th- and 19th-century Britain, for instance, there was a property or income qualification, the argument being that only those who had a stake in the country should be allowed a voice in its public affairs. At one time, only men qualified for the suffrage. Many newly independent countries of Asia and Africa, during the transition from colony to self-government, had a literacy qualification for the suffrage. Some countries limit it to certain racial or ethnic groups. Thus, for example, South Africa, at one time, and the Old South of the United States did not permit their Black populations to vote.