urbanization of india
Answers
Answer:
Urbanization in India began to accelerate after, due to the country's adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. Urbanisation is taking place at a faster rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%.This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%. In 2017, the numbers increased to 34%, according to The World Bank. According to a survey by UN State of the World Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of country's population is expected to reside in urban areas.as per World Bank, India, along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States, will lead the world's urban population surge by 2050.
Mumbai saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century.[see main] Mumbai, in 2018, accommodates 22.1 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 28 million inhabitants. Witnessing the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, as per 2011 census, Delhi's population rises by 4.1%, Mumbai's by 3.1% and Kolkata's by 2% as per 2011 census compared to 2001 census.
Explanation:
The main causes of urbanisation in India are:
Expansion in government services, as a result of the Second World War
Migration of people during the partition of India
The Industrial Revolution
Eleventh five-year plan that aimed at urbanisation for the economic development of India
Economic opportunities are just one reason people move into cities
Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas
Growth of private sector after 1990 .
Growth of employment in cities is attracting people from rural areas as well as smaller cities to large towns. According to Mckinsey India's urban population will grow from 340 million in 2008 to 590 million in 2030.
Therefore, it is being driven by economic compulsions where people move out for economic advancements to areas offering better job opportunities.
It is also driven by land fragmentations, villages being erased due to roads and highway constructions, dam constructions and other activities.
Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood, but it’s no more profitable: Indian rural economy is primarily based on agriculture. Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18 percent of India's gross domestic product (GDP) and it is estimated that it provides employment to 50% of the countries workforce, but ground reality differs. Many farmers in different states of India are leaving farming, primarily because of high input cost and low income from agriculture. Also on the other hand with usage of fertilizers, chemicals and hybrid seeds, land fertility is declining. This encourages many farmers to commit suicide. In 2014, the National Crime Records Bureau of India reported 5,650 farmer suicides. As per the figures given by central government in 2015, there were 12602 farmer suicides. This includes 8,007 farmers-cultivators and 4,595 agricultural labourers . The farmer’s suicide rate in India has ranged between 1.4 and 1.8 per 100,000 total populations, over a 10-year period through 2005. Thus people (including farmers) are migrating to cities.
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