Question

urine formation??????? ​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion: The Three Steps of Urine Formation

Cross section of the glomerulus, a structure of the nephron

The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.

1. The Glomerulus Filters Water and Other Substances from the Bloodstream

Blood flow through the glomerulus as part of filtration

Each kidney contains over 1 million tiny structures called nephrons. Each nephron has a glomerulus, the site of blood filtration. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries surrounded by a cuplike structure, the glomerular capsule (or Bowman’s capsule). As blood flows through the glomerulus, blood pressure pushes water and solutes from the capillaries into the capsule through a filtration membrane. This glomerular filtration begins the urine formation process.

2. The Filtration Membrane Keeps Blood Cells and Large Proteins in the Bloodstream

Click to play an animation of the filtration membrane filtering water and small solutes, while keeping blood cells and large proteins in the bloodstream

Inside the glomerulus, blood pressure pushes fluid from capillaries into the glomerular capsule through a specialized layer of cells. This layer, the filtration membrane, allows water and small solutes to pass but blocks blood cells and large proteins. Those components remain in the bloodstream. The filtrate (the fluid that has passed through the membrane) flows from the glomerular capsule further into the nephron.

3. Reabsorption Moves Nutrients and Water Back into the Bloodstream

Click to play an animation of the reabsorption of nutrients in the glomerulus

The glomerulus filters water and small solutes out of the bloodstream. The resulting filtrate contains waste, but also other substances the body needs: essential ions, glucose, amino acids, and smaller proteins. When the filtrate exits the glomerulus, it flows into a duct in the nephron called the renal tubule. As it moves, the needed substances and some water are reabsorbed through the tube wall into adjacent capillaries. This reabsorption of vital nutrients from the filtrate is the second step in urine creation.

4. Waste Ions and Hydrogen Ions Secreted from the Blood Complete the Formation of Urine

Click to play an animation of waste ions and hydrogen ions passing from the capillaries into the renal tubule.

The filtrate absorbed in the glomerulus flows through the renal tubule, where nutrients and water are reabsorbed into capillaries. At the same time, waste ions and hydrogen ions pass from the capillaries into the renal tubule. This process is called secretion. The secreted ions combine with the remaining filtrate and become urine. The urine flows out of the nephron tubule into a collecting duct. It passes out of the kidney through the renal pelvis, into the ureter, and down to the bladder.

5. Urine Is 95% Water

The percentage composition of salts, ammonia, urea, water and other components of urine.

The nephrons of the kidneys process blood and create urine through a process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Urine is about 95% water and 5% waste products. Nitrogenous wastes excreted in urine include urea, creatinine, ammonia, and uric acid. Ions such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and calcium are also excreted.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Formation of urine :

Urine formation occurs by three process

1. glomerular filtration
2. reabsorption
3. secretion

• Nephron plays an important role for the formation of the urine as well as functioning of the kidneys .
• Urine is formed by the filtration of the blood, all the toxic ingredients in the blood added by liver is filtrated in kidney .
• In average there is 1100-1200 ml of blood filtered by kidney .
• The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of the blood . the blood is passed through the split pores present in the Bowman's capsule . Blood is finally filtered through the membrane .
• The amount of filtered formed by the kidney per minute is approx 125 ml per minute .
• Now 99% of the filter has to be reabsorbed by the renal tubules .
• These tubules are made up of epithelial tissue .
• The molecules of glucose amino acid sodium etc are re absorb .

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