use Euclid division Lemma to show that the square of any positive integer cannot be of the form 5m + 2 or 5m + 3 for same integer m
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Let n be any positive integer.
By Euclid’s division lemma,
n = 5q + r, 0 ≤ r < 5
n = 5q, 5q + 1, 5q + 2, 5q + 3 or 5q + 4
Hence
n^2 = (5q)^2 = 25q^2 = 5(5q^2) = 5m
n^2 = (5q + 1)^2 = 25q^2 + 10q + 1 = 5m + 1
n^2 = (5q + 2)^2 = 25q^2 + 20q + 4 = 5m + 4
Similarly,
n^2 = (5q + 3)^2 = 25q^2 + 30q + 5 + 4
= 5m + 4 and n2 = (5q + 4)2 = 5m + 1
Square of any positive integer cannot be of the form 5m + 2 or 5m + 3
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