use your brain power water plan can be implemented / used even at the household level, identify its components
Answers
Answer:
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) is particularly suitable in places where people are using contaminated drinking water sources and relying on potentially contaminated centralised water supply systems. HWTS is also suitable for urban poor communities such as slums where households are very likely to use unprotected water sources.
Explanation:
Access to improved drinking water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene are overwhelmingly responsible for the 1.8 million annual diarrheal deaths. Providing safe drinking water through centralized systems in developing countries is very difficult. Large distribution systems require a lot of work and maintenance, and drinking water is often contaminated during distribution and domestic processing. Thus, household water purification using simple but effective Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) methods such as boiling, filtration, chlorination and SODIS can significantly reduce the occurrence of waterborne diseases.
Destruction of the cell walls of organisms by oxidation is called disinfection. Disinfection usually involves the addition of chemicals such as chlorine. It can also be caused by ultraviolet radiation, such as natural sunlight or artificial UV rays. The most common method of disinfecting domestic drinking water around the world is chlorination.
Heat can also kill microorganisms and this process is called pasteurization. Pasteurization has almost the same effect as disinfection. The most common water pasteurization methods are boiling, solar disinfection or solar pasteurization.
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Answer:
Lack of improved access to safe drinking water together inadequate sanitation and hygiene are the overwhelming contributors to the 1.8 million annual deaths caused by diarrhoeal diseases. Providing access to safe drinking water through centralised systems in developing countries is very challenging. Large distribution systems involve a lot of operation and maintenance and often, drinking water gets contaminated during distribution and during handling in the household. Hence, treating drinking water at household level by using simple, yet effective Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) options such as boiling, filtration, chlorination and SODIS could significantly reduce incidences of waterborne diseases.
Explanation:
Advantages
Relatively inexpensive and cost effective
Independent from an institutional set-up or centralised systems
Can be deployed faster than community/centralised drinking water treatment and supply systems
Improves microbial water quality and reduces contamination risk between treatment and use
Wide range of simple, low cost technologies are available so people can choos the technologies most appropriate for them
Disadvantages
Difficult to monitor correct operation and maintenance (O&M) of technologies
High self-responsibility required from the households
Each households should be provided with knowledge on O&M of the system
Treated water may be lower quality than that offered by a well designed, operated and maintained community system
Over one billion people still lack access to safe drinking water today. Waterborne diseases caused by consumption of unsafe drinking water are a major health burden in most of the developing countries in the world. Lack of safe water perpetuates poverty. Safe drinking water and sanitation are the condition for physical health and intellectual, social and economical activity and development.
The quality of drinking water being supplied is often neglected even if the access to water supply has been increased substantially. However, drinking water supplied by centralised treatment systems is likely to get contaminated due to poor distribution networks, management and unhygienic handling prior to consumption.
To treat the water at household level in order to assure the microbial (and chemical) quality together with safe water storage and proper hygiene practices could considerably contribute to reach the millennium development goals. Household-level Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) can reduce episodes of diarrhoeal diseases by 39% (WHO 2007a). According to the WHO (WHO 2007b) HWTS dramatically improves microbial water quality; significantly reduces diarrhoea; is among the most effective of water, sanitation and health interventions; is highly cost-effective; and can be rapidly deployed and taken up by vulnerable populations.
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