Question

Useful and harmful micro organisms

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

usesful

Bread Baking:

A species of Streptococcus is added to the dough before making bread to bring about the required fermentation.

Alcoholic Drinks:

Alcoholic drinks are prepared or manufactured by the process of fermentation. Each drink is derived from a different starting product such as potato and grapes. Then it is fermented, distilled and alcohol is prepared. The commonly used microorganism here is different types of fungus like yeast. Some even use bacteria and fungus. Alcoholic drinks include wine, rum, vodka etc.

Organic acids:

Organic acids are commercially prepared using fungi. Acetobacter, Rhizopus, Penicillium are a few fungi that are used to ferment substrates such as fruits and sugar-containing syrups. Examples of acids that are derived and manufactured on a large scale using fungi are acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, fumaric acid and lactic acid.

Enzymes:

Many microbes are used in the derivation of enzymes such as lipase, lactase, protease, peptidase to name a few.

harmful

Except for genetic and congenital factors, most of the diseases are caused by certain microorganisms. These microbes are called pathogens. They are specially adapted to infect and multiply within a host. Some diseases caused by pathogens are polio, cholera, mumps, rabies, malaria etc.

Some microorganisms need a carrier to transmit diseases. Here, Anopheles mosquitoes are the carriers used by the protozoan Plasmodium vivax to transmit the disease to the host. Once inside the host, the Plasmodium starts destroying red blood cells. This leads to other complications such as anaemia and hypoxemia.

Other microbes directly enter the body through contaminated food, water, air or even just a small cut on your skin. The bacteria, A Streptococcus can enter your skin through an open wound. However, this bacteria is found in most people’s throat and are relatively harmless. But sometimes, the infection can be so severe that it can start eating living flesh and tissue. That’s why it’s also called “Flesh-eating bacteria” or “Necrotizing fasciitis.”

Most of the pathogenic diseases are communicable and infectious. Once pathogens enter the host body, they utilize the host nutrients; also invade the immune system of the host. These led to the discovery and development of antibiotics and vaccines.

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Answer 2

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◆Uses in Food - Lactobacillus is a bacterium that helps in formation of cur and cheese.

◆Sewage Treatment - Some Bacteria are used in the biological treatment of sewage and industrial waste,called effluent.

◆Importance in Human Health - They provide antibodies which destroys such disease causing organisms.

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◆Causing Disease in Humans - They release toxin and affects pur body which makes us suffer from disease.

◆Causing Disease in Animals -Animals also get infected by coming in contact with them.

◆Causing Disease in Plants - We observe plants with wrinkled leaves,or plants and trees having an abnormal branching pattern are affected by Pathogens.