Uses of ground improvement techniques in industrial waste utilization
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Soil is the basic construction material. It supports the substructure of any structure and it is the subgrade which supports the subbase/base in the pavement. The existing soil at a particular location may not be suitable for the construction due to poor bearing capacity and higher compressibility or even sometimes excessive swelling in case of expansive soils. The improvement of soil at a site is indispensible due to rising cost of the land, and there is huge demand for high rise buildings. There is a need to concentrate on improving properties of soils using cost-effective practices like treating with industrial wastes those having cementitious value. In this study, industrial wastes like rice husk ash (RHA), fly ash (FA) are used to improve geotechnical properties of a soil.
Rice is the primary source of food for billions of people around the world. Rice husk is the shell produced during dehusking of paddy. India is the second largest producer of rice, next to China. The amount of annual rice husk produced in India is approximately 12 million tons [1]. RHA is obtained from the burning of rice husk which is the byproduct of rice milling. It was estimated that 1000 kg of rice grain produced 200 kg of rice husk and on burning the rice husk about 20% or 40 kg would become RHA. RHA has the potential to be used as a substitute for silica fumes or micro-silica at a much lower cost. Adding RHA to the concrete mix even in low replacement will dramatically enhance the workability, strength, and impermeability of concrete mixes, while making the concrete durable to chemical attacks, abrasion, and reinforcement corrosion, increasing the compressive strength. Keeping in view of environmental consideration, energy conservation, and economy, reactive ash production can lead to excellent technological benefits useful to the community at large [2]. Well-burnt RHA passed through 425 μ was used in this investigation for convenient mixing with clay and compaction. Several investigators studied the influence of RHA in soil stabilisation [3–5]. Some of researchers studied the effect of RHA-FA on soil properties [6] and also effect of RHA-lime on characteristics of soil [7–11].
FA is the finely divided mineral residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal in electric generating plant. ASTM C 618 provides the classification requirements for fly ash. There are two types of fly ashes namely Class C and Class F [12]. From pozzolanic point of view the Indian coal ashes fall in the category of class F. In view of their good physical properties, they can be used beneficially in most of the geotechnical applications [13]. In recent years, the engineering community feels that bulk utilization of ash is possible through geotechnical applications [14]. Use of coal ashes for stabilization of soil resolve the clash between development and environment as it involves reuse and safe riddance of hazardous coal ashes. At present, nearly 75 percent of India’s electricity generation is met by coal-based thermal power stations.
Rice is the primary source of food for billions of people around the world. Rice husk is the shell produced during dehusking of paddy. India is the second largest producer of rice, next to China. The amount of annual rice husk produced in India is approximately 12 million tons [1]. RHA is obtained from the burning of rice husk which is the byproduct of rice milling. It was estimated that 1000 kg of rice grain produced 200 kg of rice husk and on burning the rice husk about 20% or 40 kg would become RHA. RHA has the potential to be used as a substitute for silica fumes or micro-silica at a much lower cost. Adding RHA to the concrete mix even in low replacement will dramatically enhance the workability, strength, and impermeability of concrete mixes, while making the concrete durable to chemical attacks, abrasion, and reinforcement corrosion, increasing the compressive strength. Keeping in view of environmental consideration, energy conservation, and economy, reactive ash production can lead to excellent technological benefits useful to the community at large [2]. Well-burnt RHA passed through 425 μ was used in this investigation for convenient mixing with clay and compaction. Several investigators studied the influence of RHA in soil stabilisation [3–5]. Some of researchers studied the effect of RHA-FA on soil properties [6] and also effect of RHA-lime on characteristics of soil [7–11].
FA is the finely divided mineral residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal in electric generating plant. ASTM C 618 provides the classification requirements for fly ash. There are two types of fly ashes namely Class C and Class F [12]. From pozzolanic point of view the Indian coal ashes fall in the category of class F. In view of their good physical properties, they can be used beneficially in most of the geotechnical applications [13]. In recent years, the engineering community feels that bulk utilization of ash is possible through geotechnical applications [14]. Use of coal ashes for stabilization of soil resolve the clash between development and environment as it involves reuse and safe riddance of hazardous coal ashes. At present, nearly 75 percent of India’s electricity generation is met by coal-based thermal power stations.
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