uses ofreflux condensor
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Organic reactions run faster at higher temperatures and slower at lower temperatures. Many reactions commonly run in an organic laboratory need to be heated in order to proceed at a satisfactory rate. The most convenient way to heat a reaction is by boiling it in a solvent in a conical vial or round bottom flask. It is easy to observe whether or not a liquid is boiling, and because of the laws of thermodynamics, once boiling begins the temperature cannot rise any higher. To control the temperature of the reaction, simply choose a solvent with a boiling point at this temperature.
To prevent the solvent from boiling away, a reflux condenser is used. This is a glass column with a second column surrounding it through which cool water flows. As vapor from the boiling solvent rises into inside column of the reflux condenser, it is cooled by the jacket of water on the outside and condenses. It then falls back into the solution. In this way, you can maintain a reaction at the boiling point of the solvent indefinitely, as long as the water in the reflux condenser is cool enough to condense all of the vapor. Any time you heat a liquid, you should always stir it to avoid bumping. Bumping occurs when only the liquid at the very bottom is hot enough to boil, and it builds up pressure and bursts suddenly, sometimes spattering out of the container