USSR started a great experiment of building a country without exploiters like feudal lords king or capitalist the USSR tried to build a society that was industrialised and modern and yet didn't have inequality or exclusion of pe on the basis of birth gender language etc
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The roles of women changed dramatically over the course of history in Soviet Russia under different leaders and economic and physical conditions. Pre-Revolution Russia was a very backwards country that was far behind in industrialization and politics. Most other European countries were experimenting with constitutions and democracy yet Russia still had serfdom and a strong nobility. The industrial class rose up multiple times finally during World War I they won and Lenin took power and created Soviet communism, this liberated women and gave them opportunities to pursue careers as doctors and engineers along with many other professions. Along with new career opportunities came new laws.
In 1918 legislature was created to try to weaken marriage and the family to create a unified society focused on the country not the family. The ability to perform marriages was taken away from the church and given solely to the state. With this set of laws also came the right for either the man or woman in a married couple to pursue divorce and win. To feminist Alexandra Kollontai this was great as she saw no future in family structure in Soviet Russia. Although this legislature brought equality to marriage in principle it didn’t in practice. Women were still expected to perform most domestic duties and have a job as men saw it as below them to do housework or go grocery shopping. The role of soviet women in society and in other areas was varied and depended on how conditions were in many aspects.
Main Sources
These sources in this section cover most aspects of the topic in general and the subtopics are too intermixed to be feasibly divisible. Most studies and books in this section are comprehensive views of life for women in Soviet Russia in general. Most sources are this way but focus on one topic in general and how the other areas relate to it.
Lapidus, Gail Warshofsky. Women in Soviet Society Equality, Development, and Social Change. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
This book covers the change that women underwent in society, including equality, and family life. Concepts covered are social stratification that comes with gaining equality with men, the work environment, the role they play in family and domestic life. This piece is great for looking at the complete role of women in Soviet society.
Gorsuch, Anne E. Youth in Revolutionary Russia. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press, 2000.
The role of young women in prewar Soviet Russia was new and different than that before when their mothers and grandmothers were growing up. This book is a great description of that change, it covers just about every aspect of a young Soviet woman’s life. From work to education to their role in politics via the Komsomols or young communist party groups. The social stratification between young men and women is very evident in this book.
Hoffman, David L. Stalinist Values The Cultural Norms of Soviet Modernity, 1917-1941. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Women in Stalinist Russia were treated slightly differently than those under a different president. Women were given lower level jobs in some cases to encourage them to stay home and have more children. This is very clear in the chapter devoted to family values and how they affected the woman in the household. This book also shows the stratification that occurred within the workplace and the gender differences in how they were perceived socially.
Millar, James R. Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the USSR. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
The studies contained within this anthology cover the main topics of Soviet Women’s lives, from work to politics to their effect on the economy. The subjects of this study were former Soviet Union Citizens who left for some reason or another. The studies of part three focus on the role of women in the economy, workforce and home. These studies are very insightful into every period of life in the Soviet Union.
Library of Congress, “A Country Study: Soviet Union (Former).” Last modified July 27, 2010. Accessed August 4, 2013.
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